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76 Cards in this Set
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Vital for survival and includes interactions of organisms and the environment. |
Biological processes |
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Life's continuity relies on this process. It is when offspring is generated from parents. |
Reproduction |
a.k.a procreation or breeding |
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Involves division of a body into 2 or more equal parts. |
Fission |
Type of Asexual Reproduction |
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The body breaks into 2 or more parts, and each part can develop into a complete individual. |
Fragmentation |
It is a type of Asexual Reproduction |
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An outgrowth from a parent arises and develops organs like those from the parent. |
Budding |
Type of Asexual Reproduction |
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During unfavorable conditions, a bacteria can form an endospore, a dormant cell with preserved DNA |
Sporulation |
Type of Asexual Reproduction |
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It is when filamentous gametes align, grow projections forming a bridge, and fuse to become a zygospore. |
Isogamy |
Type of Sexual Reproduction |
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The fusion of 2 gametes with different sizes. In humans, it involves the union of a large immotile egg and a small motile sperm. |
Heterogamy/Anisogamy |
Type of Sexual Reproduction |
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Can refer to an individual having both a male and female reproductive organs. Hence, self fertilization occurs. |
Hermaphrotidism |
Type of Sexual Reproduction |
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The fusion of egg and sperm cell. |
Zygote |
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The study of growth and development of plants and animals. |
Developmental Biology |
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The importance of reproduction. |
Quality Improvement & Procreation |
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It allows mixing of genetic materials leading to variation among individuals in a species. |
Quality Improvement |
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Reproduction sustains the species so that it does not become extinct. |
Procreation |
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Involves the formation of gametes from a diploid idividual through meiosis, resulting in 4 haploid cells with half the gentic material of the parent. |
Gametogenesis |
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It is a potent stem cell that can differentiate into any kind of cell. |
Totipotent cell |
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In the cleavage stage, a series of mitosis forms a multicellula_________. |
Blastula |
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Formed during the gastrulation stage, this has three distinct germ layers. |
Gastrula |
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These are the 3 germ layers of a gastrula |
Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. |
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This is the process by which the 3 germ layers differentiate into specific organ systems. |
Organogensis |
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The three types of cells formed by the Endoderm. |
Lung cells (alveolar cells), Thyroid cells, and Digestive cells (pancreatic cells) |
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The 5 Cells that the Mesoderm forms. |
Cardiac muscle cells, smooth muscle cells, skeletal muscle cells, tubule cells of the kidney, and red blood cells. |
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It occurs when the zygote splits during the first cleavage stage, resulting in identical twins. |
Monozygotic twins |
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It occurs when two or more fertilaztion events results in two zygotes rising at the same time. |
Dizygotic twins |
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These is where sperm production takes place. |
Testis |
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Sperm is temporarily stored here. |
Epididymis |
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This organ supplies the semen with enzymes, lipids, etc. |
Prostate |
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This is where sperm passes through to reach the urethra |
Vas deferens |
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It is a passage for both semen and urine. |
Urethra |
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It is a passage for both semen and urine. |
Urethra |
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It creates a part of the semen that counteracts the acidity of the vagina to protect the sperm. |
Seminal vesicle |
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Secretes pre-ejaculate to lubricate and clear urine to let semen pass. |
Bulbourethral gland |
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It is the homologue of the penis. |
Clitoris |
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The external opening of the vagina. |
Labia |
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It is the main entrance to the female reproductive tract. |
Vagina |
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The term that refers to the folds in the vagina |
rugae |
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Site of egg cell production. |
Ovary |
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Catches the egg cell released in ovulation and is the site of fertilization. |
Fallopian tube |
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The term for a solid blastula formed by the growth of a zygote. |
morula |
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The morula is moved as a hollow blastula also known as ______. |
Blastocyst |
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The site where the implantation of the blastocyst takes place. |
Endometrial lining |
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This signals the start of pregnancy. |
Implantation |
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The blastocyst grows into an ______. |
Embryo |
It is a very early stage of development. |
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Is the stage of carrying the embryo/fetus inside the uterus. |
Gestation |
Other term for pregnancy |
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The specific site in the fallopian tube where fertilization takes place. |
ampulla/ampullary isthmic junction |
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How long does the menstrual cycle last in the ovary (Ovarian cycle) and uterus? |
28 days |
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It is the phase where the follicles in the ovary mature. |
Follicular phase |
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How long does the Luteal and Follicular phase take? |
Both take 14 days. |
1/2 |
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Other term for menstrual phase that takes place in the uterus (Uterine cyle) |
"period" phase |
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During the "period" phase, the_____ degeberates and sheds off. |
Endometrium |
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This is the phase where the endometrium heals. |
Proliferative phase |
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This phase correponds with the luteal phase to prepare for implantation. |
Secretory phase |
Is the last phase in the Uterine cycle. |
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Is the process of blocking any of the stages reproduction. |
Contraception |
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The processes of reproduction that can be blocked by contraception. |
Release and transport of gametes, fertilization, implantation, and actual completion of development of the embryo/fetus. |
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Is the deliberate removal of the embryo/fetus. |
Abortion |
It is a form of contraception. |
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Known as the withdrawal method, is ending the intercourse before ejaculation. |
Coitus interruptus |
It is a form of contraception. |
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Is the paractice of not engaging in sexual intercourse. |
Abstinence |
Most effective method |
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Is a form of male birth contol that cuts the supply of sperm to your semen. |
Vasectomy |
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A surgical procedure done on a female's fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy. |
Tubal ligation |
Female equivalent to a vasectomy. |
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The general life cycle of plants is an alternation between a diploid______ and haploid _______. |
Diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophyte |
It is an alternation between sexual and asexual reproduction. |
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The term for the asexual phase in a plant's life cycle. |
sporophyte |
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It is the sexual phase of a plant's life cycle. |
Haploid gemtophyte/"gameteplant" |
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Site of gametogenesis in plants. |
gameteangia |
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It is the reproductive structure of a plant. |
Flower |
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The four major whorls of a flower. |
The sepals, petals, stamen, and pistil. |
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The collective term for sepals. |
Calyx |
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The collective term for petals. |
Corolla |
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Collective term for corrola and calyx |
Perianth |
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The 2 structures of the stamen. |
anther and filament/stalk |
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Found in anthers that develop into pollens. |
Microsporangia/Male sporangia |
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The female reproductive organ of the flower. |
Pistil or Gynoecium |
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The four structures of the pistil/carpel |
stigma, style, pollen tube, ovary |
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Flowers that have all whorls present. |
Complete flowers |
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A flower with both the male and female reproductive organ. |
Perfect (Bisexual) flowers |
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Flowers with only one of the reproductive organs present. |
Imperfect (Unisexual) flowers |
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A plant with perfect flowers or capable of growing perfect flowers. |
Monoecious plants |
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