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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define: sex
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Physical, biological identity. How one is presented.
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Define: gender
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The way we make meaning of our sex. Social product.
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What are the different terms that Lorber defines gender as in her work the Social Construction of Gender?
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-Process="doing gender"
-Stratification system -Structure -Legitimized by social institutions |
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Define: Preformativity of gender
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-Lorber
-How we "do gender"=clothing, speaking, walking, act. -Praise/discouragement and effort play a role into how we express our gender -Gender as a process=done w/o thinking and everyday |
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Define: gender as a stratification system
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-Lorber
-Gender is institutionalized, social organization -Necessity of having order to make sense of each other in the human mind (A/not A, must be a normal and not normal) |
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Define: first wave feminism
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-1848-1920
-State=coverture, individual rights, freedom -Church=arbitrator of morals, "women be silent" Bible reinforces women's role as wives/mothers -Home=True Womanhood, separate spheres (private vs. public) |
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When did women get the vote?
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1920
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What were the 3 major components of First Wave Feminism?
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1.State
2.Church (social/cultural institutions) 3.Home (affective relationships, individual life) |
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Define: coverture
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-Coverature= marriage, single entity where man assumes rights
-Forfeited all profits, property to husband, no legal right to children, husband responsible for wife's wrongdoings -Divorces nearly impossible |
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Define: separate spheres ideology
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-Different spheres of influence for men and women
-Men= public, strong, corrupt, rational, selfish -Women= private, weak, moral, emotional, nuturing |
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What did the women's rights movement stem from?
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-Anti-Slavery movement and Frederick Douglas (who supported women's suffrage)
-Abolition moral thing to do, women more moral |
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Define: Seneca Falls Convention
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-Main goal to get rid of the idea that men and women are different. We got this idea because we have been trained/educated to believe this (speech by Stanton)
-B/c women must fight for their own rights not men b/c she must embody the things that she wants to happen -National Women's Suffrage Organization (Stanton and Anthony based on natural rights) -1848 |
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How does Stanton refute the argument that men are superior in the Seneca Falls speech?
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-Intellectually=unfair b/c women don't get the same education opportunities
-Moral=men inferior b/c women are more selfless, need to bring men up to women's standards -Physically=can vary by culture, women don't get opportunity to express physicality |
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Define: indirect influence
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Your husband/son will reflect your views
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How does Stanton refute the church and home argument in Seneca Falls?
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-Church=women should be dictated by god not man
-Home=will not destroy harmony, husband and wife should share responsibility in home=happier home |
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Define: Declaration of Sentiments
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-Parody of Declaration of Independence
-Individual rights=men and women created equal, based in Enlightenment principles -Stanton |
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Define: Women's Christian Temperance Union
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-Willard as president
-Prohibition and suffrage=outnumbered women in suffrage organizations -Women could bring changes with political power |
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What were the man points Willard makes in "Home Protection"
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-Embraces True Womanhood and that there are differences between man and woman, embraces status quo and domesticity
-Mother's nature to look out for son -For the better of the world rather than individual |
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Define: Sojurner Truth
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-Ain't I a Woman speech
-Didn't write down speeches -Feminism for black women -Individual rights |
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What were the main points of Truth's "Ain't I a Woman" speech?
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-Why aren't black women's rights the same as white women's? Doesn't get mens or white women's
-Mother=children sold away so not in private sphere -Church=men have nothing to do w/ religion, God and Mary, Eve painted as strong one |
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Define: True Womanhood
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-Concept by Barbara Welter
-Piety, purity, submissiveness, domesticity=proper role -Francis Willard supported -Middle class ideal |
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Define: gender as a social institution
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-Lorber
-Institutions enforce gender stereotypes and make it difficult to go against the grain |
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Define: arguments of expediency
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-Willard
-Women's Christian Temperance Union -Women's suffrage for the good of the country rather than because they deserve the right to vote -Women could change the world for the better because of their moral compass, practicality -Means to an end, accepting differences in sexes |
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Define: arguments of justice
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-Stanton, Anthony, Truth
-Individual rights instead of practicality -Women deserve same rights as men -Equality, not differences |
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Define: "Home Protection"
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-Willard's speech title
-That women needed the vote in order to protect their households from the drunk, angry men |
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Define: "a room of one's own"
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-Virginia Woolf
-Women must have 500 pounds a year and a room of their own to create fiction (thesis) -Need financial (material) independence and a place for solitude (emotional/intellectual independence) |
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Define: "ain't I a woman?"
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-Sojurner Truth
-Why is she not treated like white women? -Individual rights -Women are automatically coded as white, but she is not fragile and not a mother (children sold away) but yet still doesn't have the rights of a man |
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Define: social construction of gender
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-Gender norms vary overtime, therefore origins of gender and gender norms are not biological (pink and blue example)
-Lorber -Gender a product of environment and culture |
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Define: Judith Shakespear
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-Woolf
-Has become a feminist symbol for unrealized talent in women because of hinderance of their freedom -Told to put down books, no education, married off but ran away, same thirst for knowledge as brother |
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Define: androgynous mind
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-Woolf
-2 sexes of mind and body, everyone has masculine and feminine parts -True talent/full potential realized when both parts are in harmony -Androgynous mind can look at the world w/o hinderance |
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What did Judith Lorber write?
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-Pink and Blue Forever
-Developmental Dynamics of Pink and Blue -The Social Construction of Gender |
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What are the important points in Lorber's Pink and Blue Forever?
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-Historical look at gender origins
-Historically has not always been pink and blue, gender norms change over time -Gender a product of culture/environment rather than biology |
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What are the important points in Lorber's Developmental Dynamics of Pink and Blue?
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-Gender is developmental not innate or biological
-Reward/punishment system installed by society creates gender norms not biology |
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What did Elizabeth Cady Stanton write?
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-Address Delivered at Seneca Falls
-Declaration of Sentiments -The Solitude of Self |
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What are the important points in Stanton's Address Delivered at Seneca Falls?
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-Women must fight for their rights, not men in order to embody change she wants to see
-Refutes that men are superior morally, intellectually, and physically -Refutes state, home, and church arguments -Men and women are the same but training/education has made us believe we're different |
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What are the important points in Stanton's Declaration of Sentiments?
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-Based on Declaration of Independence
-Based on Enlightenment principles -Lots of sentences start with "he" |
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What did Francis Willard write?
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Home Protection
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What are the important points in Willard's Home Protection
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-Expediency (betterness of world), embraces differences between men and women/status quo
-Women's Christian Temperance Union=women could bring changes with political power -Embraces True Womanhood, domesticity, protect sons |
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What did Sojourner Truth write?
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Ain't I a Woman?
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What are the important points in Truth's Ain't I a Woman?
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-Feminism for black women, why is she not treated like a white woman?
-Mother argument doesn't apply b/c children sold away -Church=man has nothing to do with religion (God and Mary, Eve as strong) -Rights/justice, acts more like men but doesn't get their rights either |
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What did Ida B. Wells write?
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Southern Horrors
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What are the important points in Wells' Souther Horrors?
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-Launched anti-lynching campaign in journalistic approach
-Truth vs. what newspapers say -Public swayed into thinking lynchings were okay (even Wells herself) -Undermining assumptions about gender, black men not raping white women, create "black rapist" b/c we cannot fathom white women as sexual, if the crime was really rape black and white men would be lynched -Happening to keep black ppl submissive to white ppl, speaking out/being successful dangerous for blacks -Solution: boycotts, use the press for truth, have guns |
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What are the important points in Stanton's The Solitude of Self?
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-People are first an individual, then citizen, then equal rights, then different incidental relations (least important)
-All humans are fundamentally alone, women must be strong and able to defend themselves |
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What did Virginia Woolf write?
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A Room of One's Own
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What are the main points in Woolf's A Room of One's Own?
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-Contrast between Oxbridge and Fernham= humble vs. lavish
-Material wealth and physical independence are required for creativity (women must have $ and a room of one's own to write fiction) -Walking off path at Oxbridge metaphor for women's intellectual independence (barred from church/library) -Judith Shakespeare=opportunity-creativity, women's absence in history -Professor von X=men angry b/c trying to protect power, afraid of losing superiority |
