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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What family is E.coli from? |
Enterobacteriaceae |
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When is E. coli not harmless? |
Secondary infection |
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What kind of pathogen is E.coli? |
Opportunistic |
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What are the results of E.coli infection? |
UTI, septicaemia, meningitis |
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What does E.coli indicate in food, water and milk? |
Faecal contamination |
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What are the 6 types of pathogenic E.coli? |
Enteropathogenic (EPEC), Enterotoxigenic (ETEC), Enteroinvasive (EIEC), Enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC), Enteroaggregative (EAEC), adherent-invasive (AIEC) |
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What is Enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC) also known as? |
Veroccytotoxigenic (VTEC) or Shig-toxin producing E.coli |
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What does EAEC do? |
Bind to intestinal mucosa and cause watery diarrhoea |
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What does EAEC not do? |
No fever or cell invasion |
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What does AIEC do? |
Invade intestinal epithelial cells and replicate intracellularly, especially in the immuno-compromised |
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What is the most predominant human serotype of VTEC? |
O157:H7 |
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What is the infective dose of VTEC? |
~10 cells |
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What does VTEC produce? |
Shigella-like toxins VT 1s and VT 2s |
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What is shig-like toxin production mediated by? |
plasmids |
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What are VT toxins toxic to? |
kidney vero cells and adhesion and haemolysin genes |
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When was VTEC first isolated? |
1970s |
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How are shigella genes acquired? |
plasmid transfer to E.coli |
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How does VTEC cope in acidic environments? |
Survives well, stomach, low pH foods |
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How does VTEC infect humans? |
Passage through stomach attachment to cells in large intestine, VTEC cells attach to gut endothelium, multiply and release verocytotoxin and haemolysis |
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What does haemolysis cause? |
Watery diarrhoea |
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What is the main symptom of VTEC? |
Mild or severe bloody diarrhoea, complications: haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) |
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What percentage of patients with VTEC develop HUS? |
10% |
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What percentage of HUS cases are fatal? |
0.6% |
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Who is most at risk of VTEC infection? |
Children (<5) and elderly |
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What is the cost of each case of O157 E.coli? |
$10,552 |
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What is the cost of each case of non-O157 VTEC? |
$10.557 |
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What is the cost of each case of salmonella? |
$2,126 |
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What are the 5 routes of VTEC transmission? |
Foodborne, drinking water, person to person, environmental, direct contact with animals |
