Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the three physical states?
|
solid, liquid, gas
|
|
|
A direct change of state from a solid to a gas is called _____.
|
sublimation. (ex. dry ice changes from a solid to a gas.)
|
|
|
A direct change of state from a gas to a solid is called _____.
|
deposition. (ex. Iodine vapor changes from a gas to a solid.)
|
|
|
The change from solid to liquid is called _____.
|
melting.
|
|
|
The change from liquid to gas is called ______.
|
vaporizing.
|
|
|
A refrigerant changes from a gas to a liquid is called _____.
|
condensing.
|
|
|
Water changes from a liquid to a solid is called _____.
|
freezing.
|
|
|
A sample of matter is said to be ______ if its properties are indefinite and vary.
|
heterogeneous
|
|
|
A sample of pure gold is said to be ______ because its properties are definite and constant.
|
homogeneous
|
|
|
An _____ is a homogeneous mixture of two or more metals.
|
alloy.
|
|
|
A ______ is matter that has definite composition and constant properties.
|
substance
|
|
|
A ______ has predictable properties but can be broken down into elements by an ordinary chemical reaction.
|
compound
|
|
|
An ______ is a substance that cannot be broken down further by a chemical reaction.
|
element
|
|
|
Classify each of the following copper samples as an element, a compound, a homogeneous mixture, or a heterogeneous mixture.
a) copper wire b) copper oxide c) malachite ore d) bronze alloy |
a) copper wire is a metallic element.
b) Copper oxide is a compound of the elements copper and oxygen. c) Malachite ore is a heterogeneous mixture of copper and other substances. d) Bronze alloy is a homogeneous mixture of copper and tin. |
|
|
Classify each of the following mercury samples as an element, a compound, a homogeneous mixture, or a heterogeneous mixture.
a) mercury liquid b) mercury oxide c) cinnabar ore d) dental alloy |
a) element
b) compound c) heterogeneous mixture d) homogeneous mixture |
|
|
The name of each element is abbreviated using a ______ ______.
|
chemical symbol.
|
|
|
______ ______ proposed that elements are composed of indivisible, spherical particles.
|
John Dalton
|
|
|
Dalton referred to each of these individual particles as an _____.
|
atom (from the Greek "atomos" meaning "indivisible."
|
|
|
A _____ is an element that typically is a solid, has a bright metallic luster, a high density, a high melting point, and is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
|
metal
|
|
|
A metal can usually be hammered into a thin sheet of foil and is said to be ______.
|
malleable.
|
|
|
If it can be drawn into a fine wire, it is said to be _____.
|
ductile.
|
|
|
A ______ is an element that usually has a low density, a low melting point and is a poor conductor of heat and electricity.
|
nonmetal
|
|
|
Many nonmetals occur naturally in the ______ state and have a ______ appearance, for example, carbon and sulfur.
|
solid; dull
|
|
|
The solid nonmetals are neither _______ nor ______ and crush to a powder if hammered.
|
malleable; ductile
|
|
|
The number that identifies a particular element is called the ______ ______.
|
atomic number.
|
|
|
All the elements have been arranged by atomic number and placed into the ______ ______.
|
periodic table.
|
|
|
Proust stated that "Compounds always contain the same elements in a constant proportion by mass." This statement is now called the ______ ______ ______ ______.
|
law of definite composition (or the law of constant proportion.)
|
|
|
A single particle composed of two or more nonmetal atoms is called a ______.
|
molecule. (Hydrogen, and oxygen occur naturally as molecules containing two atoms.)
|
|
|
A ______ ______ expresses the number of atoms of each element in a compound.
|
chemical formula
|
|
|
A _____ _____ refers to those characteristics of a pure substance that we observe without changing the composition of the substance.
|
physical property
|
|
|
A _____ _____ of a pure substance describes its chemical reactions with other substances.
|
chemical property
|
|
|
In a ______ ______, the chemical composition of the sample does not change.
|
physical change
|
|
|
In a ______ ______, there is a chemical reaction.
|
chemical change
|
|
|
What is the definition of the law of conservation of mass? And who came up with this idea?
|
Matter is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction; Antoine Lavoisier.
|
|
|
______ ______ is stored energy that matter possesses as a result of its position or composition.
|
Potential energy (symbol PE)
|
|
|
______ ______ is the energy matter has as a result of its motion.
|
Kinetic energy (symbol KE)
|
|
|
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed. Energy can, however, be converted from one form to another. This principle is known as the ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.
|
law of conservation of energy.
|
|
|
What is the name of the law that states the total mass and energy in the universe is constant.
|
law of conservation of mass and energy
|
|
|
At Cambridge, _______ ______ studied subatomic particles.
|
Ernest Rutherford
|
|
|
Rutherford discovered a third type of radiation that was not affected by a magnetic field and gave it the name ______ ______. He experimented with alpha rays by firing them at thin gold foils.
|
gamma ray.
|
|
|
Rutherford received the Nobel prize in chemistry for his work on _______.
|
radioactivity.
|
|
|
A negatively charged subatomic particle having a tiny mass.
|
electron
|
|
|
A positively charged subatomic particle having an approximate mass of 1 amu.
|
proton
|
|
|
A neutral subatomic particle having an approximate mass of 1 amu.
|
neutron
|
|
|
A region in the center of an atom containing protons and neutrons.
|
atomic nucleus
|
|
|
A value indicating the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
|
atomic number
|
|
|
A value indicating the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
|
mass number
|
|
|
A symbolic method for expressing the composition of an atomic nuclues.
|
atomic notation
|
|
|
Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons.
|
isotopes
|
|
|
A unit of mass exactly equal to 1/12 the mass of a C-12 atom.
|
atomic mass unit (amu)
|
|
|
The average mass of all the naturally occuring isotopes of an element.
|
atomic mass
|
|
|
The distance a light wave travels to complete one cycle.
|
wavelength
|
|
|
The number of times a light wave completes a cycle in 1 second.
|
frequency
|
|
|
A general term that can refer to either visible or invisible radiant energy.
|
light
|
|
|
A range of light energy extending from violet through red, that is, approximately 400-700 nm.
|
visible spectrum
|
|
|
A range of light energy extending from gamma rays through microwaves.
|
radiant energy spectrum
|
|
|
A band of light energy that is uninterrupted.
|
continuous spectrum
|
|
|
A particle of radiant energy.
|
photon
|
|
|
A model of the atom that describes electrons circling the nucleus in orbits.
|
Bohr atom
|
|
|
An orbit of specific energy that electrons occupy as they circle the nucleus.
|
energy level
|
|
|
A collection of narrow bands of light produced by atoms of a given element releasing energy.
|
emission line spectrum
|
|
|
An electron energy level that results from splitting a main energy level.
|
energy sublevel
|
|
|
A shorthand description of the arrangement of electrons by sublevels according to increasing energy.
|
electron configuration
|
|
|
The statement that it is impossible to precisely measure the location and energy of a particle at the same time.
|
uncertainty principle
|
|
|
A sophisticated model of the atom that describes the energy of an electron in terms of its probability of being found in a particular location about the nucleus.
|
quantum mechanical atom
|
|
|
A region about the nucleus in which there is a high probability of finding an electron with a given energy.
|
orbital
|
