Final

Front 1

•Socialization

Back 1

process by which a person becomes a member of a group or society and acquires values, attitudes, beliefs, behavior patterns, and a sense of social identity

Front 2

•Socialization of physicians

Back 2

Physicians undergo formal and informal socialization in the medical profession. All professions we already have certain expectations

Front 3

•History of medical education

Front 4

•Modern medical education

Front 5

•Academic health centers

Front 6

•Medical students

Front 7

•Medical education curriculum

Front 8

•Physician (med student) internship and residency and role identify changes

Front 9

•Criticisms of medical education curriculum

Front 10

•Problem-based learning

Back 10

developed at McMaster and Michigan State Universities in the 1970s, attempts to overcome the fact-based approach in the traditional curriculum by emphasizing student problem solving

Front 11

•Evidence-based medicine

Back 11

has become a significant curricular change

Front 12

•Curriculum reform (the future)

Front 13

•Detached concern

Back 13

concern about the patient without excessive emotional involvement or over identification

Front 14

•Controllable lifestyle

Back 14

the extent to which particular specialties allow for some control over the hours worked

Front 15

•Florence Nightingale

Back 15

an upper-class British reformer, who believed that the proper, moral environmental, and physical order was necessary for the restoration of health. She accepted a sexual division of labor as a given and believed that women’s characteristics made them naturals for creating the conditions needed for care of the ill

Front 16

•Allied health workers

Back 16

health care workers (like physical therapists and medical technologists) whose work supports that physician and occurred during the second quarter of the twentieth century

Front 17

•American Nurses Association (ANA)

Back 17

certifies nurses. Types of nurses- licensed practical nurses- vocational program, registered nurses- diploma or degree in nursing, advanced practice nurses (NPs)

Front 18

•Initial innocence

Back 18

seeking to become mother surrogates by engaging in nuturant and helping behaviors

Front 19

•Labeled recognition of incongruity

Back 19

open statements of disillusionment and despair over the incongruity between their anticipated view of nursing school and their actual experience

Front 20

•Role stimulation stage

Back 20

usually occurs around the end of the first year, students engage in a type of role-playing in which they consciously attempt to exhibit the professional demeanor toward patients desired by the faculty

Front 21

•Provisional internalization and stable internalization

Back 21

accept a professional identity and get accustomed to it until, by graduation, it is typically fully accepted and internalized

Front 22

•Nurse practitioners

Back 22

a registered nurse with additional training, 90% complete a two-year master’s degree, some obtain additional degrees

Front 23

•Certified Nurse Midwives-

Back 23

a certified nurse-midwife is a registered nurse who has additional nationally accredited training in midwifery and who possesses certification by the American College of Nurse-Midwives

Front 24

•Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists

Back 24

a registered nurse with an additional two or three years’ training for certification which provides a Masters degree

Front 25

•Physician’s Assistant

Back 25

under direct or indirect supervision of a physician, can perform most of the basic care given by the physician, including giving physical exams etc.

Front 26

•Medical Home-Patient

Back 26

centered medical home, physician-led team that includes nurses, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, health educations, and others working together to provide comprehensive primary care

Front 27

•Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Front 28

•Holism

Front 29

•Vitalism

Front 30

•Criticism of CAM

Front 31

•Orthodox

Front 32

•Mainstream interest in complementary and alternative healing practices

Front 33

•4 CAM practices

Front 34

•Basic principles of chiropractic

Front 35

•Acupuncture, ying and yang, and chi

Front 36

•Spiritual healing, Christian science, pshyic healing, psychic healers

Front 37

•Acupuncture effectiveness

Front 38

•Curanderismo

Back 38

Mexican American folk healing which is a unique system of health care beliefs and practices that differ significantly from modern, scientific medicine

Front 39

•Navajo healing, disgnostitician, medicine person or singer, herbalist, roadman

Front 40

•Physician

Back 40

patient relationship-Sick patient seeks comfort from a benevolent physician; the sincere and helpful patient places trust in the concerned and caring physician. Physicians—and patients--cannot always act in these idealized and uniformed ways

Front 41

•An engineering model

Back 41

the physicians assumes medicine to be a value-free enterprise whose primary task is the presentation of all relevant facts to the patient without involvement in actual decision making

Front 42

•Priestly model

Back 42

The physician is viewed as a quasi-religious figure who is an “expert” on ethical and all other matters that emerge in the relationship

Front 43

•A collegial model

Back 43

the physician and patient see themselves as colleagues pursuing a common goal of restoring the patient to good health

Front 44

•A contractual model

Back 44

the physician and patient interact with the understanding that there are obligations and expected benefits for both parties

Front 45

•The biomedical model

Back 45

the dominant, disease oriented or illness oriented rather than patient oriented. -Physicians seek to learn all they can about symptoms and abnormalities so that they can provide the appropriate magic bullet. -Psychological and social factors have traditionally received little attention

Front 46

•Psychosocial concerns-

Back 46

-Research shows that as many as half of patient visits to primary care providers include psychosocial complaints.

- 2/3 are without a serious physical ailment.

-Life stress and emotional distress.

-Normal anxiety, grief, frustration, and fear.

-How do we deal with these things as a culture? -How does our culture contribute to them? -Diagnosable psychiatric disorders.

-Although many experience them, few discuss them with their physicians

Front 47

•The principle of autonomy

Back 47

1) An autonomous person is able to make rational and competent decisions following contemplative thought..However, there are many who are incapable of acting autonomously 2) Action does not cause harm to others 3)Patients do not have the right to demand that physicians or other health care professionals violate a personal or professional moral code (chapter 12-13 slide 10 &11)

Front 48

•Paternalism

Back 48

when a physician overrides a patient’s wishes and takes action presumed to e in a patient’s best interest but is unwanted by the patient

Front 49

•Therapeutic communication

Back 49

1) the physician engages in full and open communication with the patient and feels free to ask questions about psychosocial as well as physical conditions 2) the patient provides full and open information to the physician and feels free to ask questions and seek clarifications 3) a genuine rapport develops between physician and patient.

Front 50

•Barriers to therapeutical communication

Back 50

1) Setting of the medical encounter 2) Length of medical encounter 3) Mental state of the patient 4) Mismatched expectations of physicians and patients 5) Language barriers 6) Physician communication style

Front 51

•Patient satisfaction with physicians

Back 51

Fully comply with medical regiments,More likely to return for scheduled follow-up,More likely to seek physician care when sick ,& Less likely to initiate a medical malpractice suit

Front 52

•Noncompliance

Back 52

studies show that physicians tend to see in terms of noncooperative patients

Front 53

•Benevolent deception

Back 53

many physicians believe that they have a professional duty to lie to patients if that is perceived to be in the patient’s best interest

Front 54

•Freedom from information

Back 54

suggests that too much has been made of “freedom of information” while too little consideration has been given to the idea

Front 55

•Confidentiality

Back 55

“privacy” the concept of privileged communication

Front 56

•Privacy

Back 56

refers to freedom from unauthorized instrusions into one’s life

Front 57

•Privileged communication

Back 57

comes from the legal system, which operates on the basis of testimonial compulsion—individuals with pertinent information can be required to present that information in a court of law

Front 58

•HIPAA

Back 58

included several measures to protect the privacy of patients and their medical records and to establish security of electronic health information

Front 59

•Dependent patient

Front 60

•The development of private health insurance-

Front 61

•Medicare

Back 61

federal insurance program originally designed to protect people 65 years of age and older from the rising costs of health

Front 62

•Medicaid

Back 62

a jointly funded federal-state program designed to make health care more available to the very poor

Front 63

•Diagnostic related groups

Back 63

an alternative reimbursement system for the care Medicare patients receive in a hospital

Front 64

•High deductible health plans

Back 64

a type of health insurance plan that costs less because it incorporates a very high deductible goes by the name consumer-driven health plans

Front 65

•Managed care

Back 65

goes beyond cost containment strategies like DRGs by combining the traditional insurance function of private insurance companies and the government with a delivery system of health care providers

Front 66

•National health expenditures

Back 66

the total amount of spending for personal health care and for administration, construction, research, and other expenses not directly related to patient care

Front 67

•Personal health expenditures

Back 67

include all spending for such health services as hospital care; physician, dental and other professional medical services; home health care; nursing home care; and drugs and over-the-counter products purchased in retail outlets but not money for things such as medical research

Front 68

•Medical-Industrial complex

Back 68

describes the huge and rapidly growing industry that supplied health care services for profit

Front 69

•Medical entrepreneurialism

Back 69

effort to invest in health as a means to profit