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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Organization of NSC
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-Principles Committee
-Deputies Committee -Policy Coordinating Committees -No permanent NSC staff |
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Policy Coordinating Committees
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-Interagency working groups
-Worker bee level |
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What do policy coordinating committees explore?
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-Issues
-Options -Available assets |
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Interagency process
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-PC/DCs take on main role of interagency cooperations
-Routed through the NSC -Involves routine consultation of agencies -Centralized control in presidency -Ensure options reflect consensus among departments |
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Weaknesses of interagency process
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-Takes time
-No formal rules outlining how policies should be developed -Personalities can dominate -Feedback from decision makers is limited -Some agencies lack culture or capacity for planning |
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Strengths of interagency process
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-Responds to needs of presidents
-Ad hoc groups can respond to changing situations -Formalized coordination and policy planning -Able to combine resources and capabilities from different agencies |
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What have we relied on the military to do?
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-Humanitarian interventions, ie Somalia
-Peacekeeping operations, ie Sinai -Counter-terror, Pakistan -Counter-narcotics, Columbia -Security assistance, CERP |
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What caused reliance on military during cold war?
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-Invasion Korea mobilized support for NSC-68
-Military given large degree of autonomy -Only fight communism w/ military -NSC 68 said we need large military to combat Sovs as world is the battleground |
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What caused reliance on military after cw?
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- Powell doctrine of overwhelming force and force transformation
-Reaction against left and turning to military as embodiment of traditional values -American exceptionalism -Desire to remake world in America's image |
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Strengths of civilian orgs in executive that lead to imbalance?
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-Closer to the president
-Legitimacy -Expertise -Variety of agencies - more tools -Exert influence -Range of views/opinions |
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Weakness of civilian orgs in executive that leads to imbalance?
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-No central control of civilian orgs
-Image is bad, 'weak' -Process is deliberate/slow -Small budgets, ie state |
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How would Clinton deal w/ terrorist orgs?
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-Multilateral alliances
-Interpol for terror -Refocus on the 'stans -Strengthen non-proliferation -International education programs |
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How would Obama deal w/ terrorist orgs?
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-Secure loose nuclear material
-Undercut support for groups -Refocus on 'Stans -Air strikes to take out high value targets |
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How would McCain deal w/ terrorist orgs?
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-Finish Iraq
-Expand military -Preemption |
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Bush doctrine for dealing w/ terrorist orgs
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-Preemption
-Airstrikes -Non-proliferation -Take out terrorist safe havens/state sponsors |
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Strengths of Congress when dealing w/ national security? part 1
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-Controls the purse
-Oversight via committees, research, hearings -Controls structural policy, how resources are allocated, ie base closings -Substantive legislation passed, make things into law |
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Weaknesses of Congress when dealing w/ national security?
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-Very political
-Interests more tuned to constituents than strategy -Little control over policy in crises -Executive takes lead, congress usually follows -No unified message because of subcommittee structure w/ 30+ com's having jurisdiction -Doesn't create grand strategy |
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What are tools president can use when dealing with Congress on National security? part 1
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-OMB, link between exec/legis
-War Powers Act(Gulf War) -Executive order(99 Kosovo) |
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What role does intelligence play in nat'l security?
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-Predictive capacity
-Avoid strategic surprise -Provide long term expertise |
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Briefly describe structure, missions, and responsibilities of the intelligence community. Part 1
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-CIA: HUMINT and all source analysis/covert action
-DIA: all source intelligence and MILINT -NSA: SIGINT -NGA: IMINT [nat'l geospatial intelligence] -STATE: INR[intelligence and research], source analysis |
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Performance of intel community in pre 9/11
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-Turf battles
-Paranoid about sharing info |
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Performance of intel community post 9/11
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-Stovepiping, using raw intel to support policy
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Is DNI effective or flawed?
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-PDB
-Coordinator not policy maker -One more layer of bureaucracy -Red tape -No control over budget |
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Responsibilities of state
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-Negotiate
-Report -Represent |
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Capabilities of state
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-Maintain contacts w/ other gov't
-Build relationships abroad |
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Strengths of state:
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-soft power
-spinal architecture of foreign relations |
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Weaknesses of state. Part 1
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-No/limited programs
-Career diplomats, not managers -Functional vs. regional bureaucracies |
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Responsibilities of DoD
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-National defense and deterrence
-Protect US interests everywhere - |
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Strengths of DoD
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-Large budget
-2.2 million employees -Politically insulated |
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Weaknesses of DoD
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-Not always publicly supported
-4 branch turf war -Military solutions to diplomatic problems |
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Strengths of Congress when dealing w/ national security? Part 2
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-Can pass procedural legislation to change how decisions are made (dhs, goldwater-nichols)
-Advise and consent -Ratify treaties |
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What are tools president can use when dealing with Congress on National security? Part 2
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-Fast track (Nafta)
-Presidential signing statement(Nat'l defense authorization act) -Propose policy/preempt congress (DHS) |
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What are tools president can use when dealing with Congress on National security? Part 3
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-Veto
-Implementation of policy -Bully pulpit to frame public opinion -Executive Agreement (Potsdam) |
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Briefly describe structure, missions, and responsibilities of the intelligence community. Part 2
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-Treasury:economics intel
-Energy: nuclear -DHS: organizes intel -NRO: builds/designs systems for collecting intel -DNI: collates all intel and brieds executive -DoD: controls 80% of intel budget |
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Weaknesses of State. Part 2
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-Chronic budget shortfalls
-Antiquated personnel structure -No formal planning process |
