Exotics: Avian 1

Front 1

What is shown here and when may we need to remove them?

Back 1

Most birds close ringed at a young age.

The psittacines can crush these with their beaks, trauma can result, catching on wire leading to fractures.

If bird has gout or vitamin deficiency may need removed.

Front 2

How do we remove a ring causing damage to a bird?

Back 2

Dremmel or bolt croppers.

Give analgesia, antibiosis and dress the wound.

Front 3

What should not be performed on psittacines to ease them in training?

Back 3

Wing clip.

Front 4

Issues with performing a wing clip?

Back 4

Bird suffers trauma when jumping and attempting to fly in particular of the keel.

Secondary osteomyelitis.

Feather plucking as a sequelae.

Front 5

What factors can limit nail growth in psittacines?

Back 5

Perch design and nutrition

Front 6

What must we suspect in a bird with overgrown nails?

Back 6

Liver disease.

Malnutrition.

High protein diets.

Front 7

How do we trim overgrown claws?

Back 7

Dremmel or canine nail clippers (Not advised) may need anaesthesia.

Silver nitrate or potassium permanganate to stop bleeding.

Front 8

How can we beak trim?

Back 8

Under anaesthesia as beak well innervated.

Dremmel.

Analgesics.

Front 9

What is common in birds fed high fat seed diets?

Back 9

Obesity.

Lipomas.

Fatty liver disease.

Front 10

Signs of fatty liver in parrots?

Back 10

Abdominal enlargement and diarrhoea.

Increased resp effort due to large liver.

Sudden death.

Front 11

What is the most common parrot deficiency and what does it usually manifest as?

Back 11

Hypovitaminosis A.

Manifests as squamous metaplasia of epithelial membranes leading to poor feathering, colouration, reproduction, chronic resp infections and rhinoliths.

Renal disease.

Front 12

How does vitamin d deficiency manifest in parrots?

Back 12

Poor reproduction.

Poor egg shell quality.

Osteodystrophy in juevenilles.

Neurological signs such as twitching to convulsions.

Front 13

How do we prevent vitamin d deficiency in African greys?

Back 13

UV-b

Formulated diet.

Front 14

What is a common deficiency of budgies and how does it manifest?

Back 14

Iodine- goitre and hypothyroidism.

Regurgitation, voice change and inspiratory noises.

Front 15

What medical sign is a genuine emergency in small psittacines?

Back 15

ANOREXIA.

Birds have a high metabolic rate.

Front 16

How should we advise owners to take their psittacine to the vets?

Back 16

Secured in a cat carrier etc.

Not on shoulder.

Remove stuff from cage.

Darken the room unless an owl.

Front 17

Back 17

Cadge for falcons.

Front 18

Why is it important we ascertain where an owner purchased their bird?

Back 18

So we have an idea about the quarantine of the birds and its companions especially in relation to infectious diseases like PBFD and PDD.

Test results esp for the above and chlamydia.

Front 19

What disease is shown here? Features of the disease?

Back 19

Psittacine beak and feather disease.

Circovirus that causes the bird to loose all its feathers.

Immunosuppressive and targets rapidly dividing cells.

Bye bye white blood cells and feathers.

Front 20

Back 20

Hood.

Front 21

How should we initially observe a bird?

Back 21

Observe from a distance.

Observe breathing.

Listen for resp noises.

Assess the cage droppings etc.

Front 22

What does a voice change indicate in a bird?

Back 22

Infection or obstruction of the syrinx.

Front 23

What do birds do to conserve heat when sick?

Back 23

Puff feathers up

Front 24

What can be used to assist you in catching a psittacine?

Back 24

Towel.

Front 25

What do we need to handle falcons?

Back 25

A glove!!

Front 26

What is an important thing you must do on every examination of a bird?

Back 26

Weight them!!!!

Front 27

What are these droppings indicative of?

Back 27

Greenish/yellow indicative of liver disease, biliverdinuria or haemolysis.

Front 28

What do we assess on the head of a psittacine?

Back 28

Eyes- swelling/discharges.

Nostrils- clear, discharge, symmetrical.

Beak- symmetry and condition.

Oral cavity- tongue, mucosae, choanae, papillae.

Ears.

Feathers- presence/absence, condition, ectoparasites.

Front 29

Where do we condition score our birds?

Back 29

Pectoral muscle mass.

Front 30

Where do we auscultate on the bird?

Back 30

Heart over sternum.

Lungs over dorsum.

Caudal air sacs/

Front 31

Where else on the psittacines body should we assess?

Back 31

Feet- pododermatitis, claw length and quality.

Legs.

Coelomic cavity.

Uropygial gland.

Pericloacal region- faecal build up on feathers.

Cloacal mucosae.

Wings.

Basillic vein for refill and volume.

Front 32

What psittacines do not possess the uropygial gland?

Back 32

Amazons and hyacinths.

Front 33

How should we hospitalize our avian patients?

Back 33

Keep birds apart- separate air space.

Prevent cross contamination.

Secure, quiet and warm area.

Perch, tail feathers above ground.

Seperate area to observe as will try appear well.

Easy to observe inputs and outputs.

Easy to clean.

Front 34

What do birds of prey require in their hostipal area?

Back 34

Block or bow perch.

Keep tail feathers clean and undamaged.

tail guards.

Front 35

What is the main zoonotic risk from parrots and parrot like birds? How is it transmitted?

Back 35

Chlamydophila- chlamydophila psittaci.

Nasal, ocular and faecal fluids.

Dust aswell and can survive in environment for several weeks.

Transmission mainly airborne.

Front 36

Signs of chlamydophila?

Back 36

Conjunctivitis.

Nasal discharge.

Sneezing.

Depression.

Ruffled feathers.

Weight loss.

Inappetence.

Bright green diarrhoea.

Feather discolouration.

Nervous signs.

Front 37

Who is at risk of chlamydophila from birds? Signs in humans?

Back 37

Immuno- Compromised, elderly and children.

Neck pain, fever, headaches progressing to resp signs.

Front 38

How do we diagnose chlamydophila in a bird?

Back 38

Faecal PCR.

Front 39

How do we treat a bird with chlamydophila?

Back 39

Doxcycline for 6 weeks.