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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is it often necessary to do in a severely debilitated bird before examining it? |
Stabilize it |
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What is it essential we do with a bird before transferring to hospital accommodation and why? |
Essential we weigh the bird so we can assess response to treatment, calculate accurate drug dosages and volumes of supportive fluids and nutrition. |
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What is essential in hospital accommodation and why? |
Heat from between 25-30 degrees. As sick birds expend energy to stay warm. |
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How can we provide heat to sick psittacines? |
Heat pad. Heat lamps. |
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What do severely debilitated birds need? |
Oxygenation. |
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If the basillic vein has a delayed filling time over 1-2 seconds how dehydrated is the bird? |
7% |
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Maintenance fluids for a bird? |
50 ml/ kg/ day |
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How can we give fluids orally? |
Crop tubing via a feeding tube, use a metal mouth gag if using a rubber tube. Be gentle to avoid regurgitation. 1% of bodyweight. |
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How do we perform a crop tube? |
Hold bird in towel. Use finger or thumb as a gag. Insert crop tube into left handside of mouth. Advance to right over birds tongue. Into glottis--> proventricularis--> crop. Deliver bolus carefully no pressure on crop. |
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How can we give fluids subcutaneously? |
Inguinal skin fold. Give 1% BW. Avoid if operating on side. Give with hyularonidase. |
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What way must we not give birds fluids and why? |
Intracolemic risk of puncturing the air sacs. |
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What bones can we not use to give intraosseus fluids to birds and why? |
Femur or humerus as they are pneumtised and involved in respiration. |
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What bones can we give intraosseus fluids into? What patients can we only carry it out on? |
Tibiotarsus, proximal and distal ulna. Can only be carried out on anaesthetised patients. |
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What is our go to site for IV fluids in waterfowl? |
Medial metatarsal vein using a 20g-24 G needle. |
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What vein is not recommended for permenant catheter placement in birds? |
Basillic. |
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Where can we get IV access in birds of prey and psittacines? |
Jugular. |
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Over what time frame do we deliver fluids assuming the bird is 10% dehydrated? |
50% in first day. 25% next two days. Use hartmanns. |
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How do we feed sick bird? |
Food they like are used to. Present as it is presented normally at home. Don't change diet until well. Crop feed if won't eat. |
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What is different about feeding critically ill raptors? |
Crop will slow down and can get GIT stasis so if feed can get sour crop as the food sits their. Initially give easily digestible fluids. Proventricular feeding avoids sour crop. Introduce dense foods when evidence of casts and poop to avoid sour crop. |
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Once gut motility is restored what can we feed our critically ill bird? |
Hills ad. Emeraid or Oxbow. |
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Once a bird of prey is turning over its crop what can we feed it? |
Prey without castings. Give stimulants. Then give prey with some castings. Then whole prey. |
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What is a good opioid to give birds for analgesia and why? Which opiod is not effective? |
Butorphanol- birds have loads of kappa receptros and no mu! Buprenorphine no effect. |
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Side effects and downsides of butorphanol? |
Side effects are respiratory depression. Downside is short duration of action of only 2-4 hours. |
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Other pain relief we can give birds? |
Tramadol. Meloxicam LA- lidocaine and bupivacaine but be carful. |
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Where do we inject analgesia in birds? |
Into pectoral muscles and apply pressure for 1 minute after. |
