Exams1-3

Front 1

A theory

Back 1

is an explanation about how and why somethign is as it is

Front 2

when we rely on physicians, clergy members, and elected officials for information, we are putting our faith in

Back 2

their knowledge in those positions of authority

Front 3

The estimatted probability that a population parameter will fall within a given confidence interval is

Back 3

confidence level

Front 4

exploratory research is

Back 4

ideal for examining unstudied phenomena

Front 5

if we are presenting a detailed picture of a population, in terms of gender, age, income, and residence, we have most likely conducted

Back 5

descriptive research

Front 6

in applied research, investigators are interested in

Back 6

research having practical and useful outcomes

Front 7

The difference between inductive and deductive approaches to social theory is that

Back 7

inductive reasoning moves from less general to more general statements and dedcutive reasoning moves from more general to less general stements

Front 8

when a researcher__________, she is engaged in explanatory research

Back 8

determine that one variable causes another or is related to another variable

Front 9

In their examination of blaming rape victims, Gray, Palileo, and Johnson generated a theory and then tested this theory by making observations. This is an example of

Back 9

deductive reasoning

Front 10

which of the following would be considered a variable?

Back 10

A. marital status
B. employment status
C. educational level
D. religion
E. ALL OF THE ABOVE

Front 11

Which of the following is NOT one of the conditions which must exist before we can say an independent variable causes a dependent variable?

Back 11

A. Non-spuriousness
B. Time order
C. Empirical association
D. Temporal Precedence
E. ALL OF THE ABOVE MUST EXIST FORCAUSALITY

Front 12

In some cases, research subjects have been deceived about the real purpose of the research they were participating in. One of the most outrageous instances of this was the infamous

Back 12

Tuskagee study

Front 13

"To do no harm" researchers must be careful not to cause pain to subjects. Critics of Milgrims' study argue that he violated this principle by

Back 13

failing to anticipate that subjects might suffer by participating in the study

Front 14

Probability sampling is appropriate when

Back 14

a researcher is testing a theory and wnats to develop results generalizable to a broad population

Front 15

Ethical questions do not arise in which of the following situations?

Back 15

A. choosing subjects
B. Recruiting participants
C. publishing the results of research
D. Conducting the actual research interview
E. DilEMNAS OCCUR INALL OF THE ABOVE

Front 16

Adler and Adler's study of after school activities was an example of inductive reasoning because

Back 16

they first made observations and then developed more general statements about their observations, resulting in development of theories

Front 17

The National Science Foundations ethical standards rest on the priniciple of

Back 17

respect, benficence, and justice

Front 18

Scholastic dishonesty is

Back 18

A. using anothers work as your own
B. cheating on assigment or exams
C. engaging in unauthorized collaboration on academic work
D. none of the above
E. ALL OF THE ABOVE

Front 19

What stimulated the impetus for social science disciplines to consider ethical issues?

Back 19

Nuremburg trials after WWII

Front 20

Jamal believes that the higher a students GPA in the freshmen year, the more likely he or she will be to graduate from college in four years? This is an example of?

Back 20

Hypothesis

Front 21

Some topics may be interesting and important to study, but access to the population may be very difficult. Which of the following presents the greatest obstacles?

Back 21

Individuals who are me,bers of asecret underground cult

Front 22

The larger the size of the samples taken form a population the more likely that

Back 22

the statistics will be an accurate estimate of the population parameter

Front 23

What influences the amount of research on particular topics?

A. the individual interest of researchers
B. change in society
C. funding sources
D. current events
E. all of the above

Back 23

E. all of the above

Front 24

If we were interested in understanding the relationship between level of education and lifetime earnings, what elements would you sample?

Back 24

Individuals

Front 25

Which of the following is anexample of a probability sample?

Back 25

Determinate

Front 26

A sample is

Back 26

a subset of a population

Front 27

You want to draw a sample of the employess at a large universitt ensuring that in your sample you have people represented from all personal categories: administrators, faculty, secreterial staff, cleaning staff, mail room staff, techinicians, students, etc. You want to use a probablility sample. Which type of probablility sample would be best for your purposes?

Back 27

Stratified Sample

Front 28

Sometimes a researcher is justified in using deception to conduct an investigation
T or F

Back 28

True

Front 29

Mohammed is interested in understanding the impact of listening to rap music on the development of creativity in youngsters, he would measure creativity in the independent variable
T or F

Back 29

False

Front 30

A confidence interval reveals how certain we are that a sample falls in a range around a population parameter
T or F

Back 30

False

Front 31

if we are interested in learning why individuals turn to lives of crime, we would be conducting explanatory research
T or F

Back 31

True

Front 32

When one is conducting a research study, it is a good idea to first consdier whether one wants results in which are generalizable. This issue is very critical in determining what approach is best to use in sampling
T or F

Back 32

True

Front 33

A cohort is a group of people who

Back 33

have an event or experience in common ( birth eyar, natural disaster, etc..)

Front 34

A solomon four group design differs from a classic experimental design in that the former

Back 34

adds an experimental and a control group which does not have a pretest

Front 35

If close ended questions are used, it is important that the responses are

Back 35

A.mutually exclusive
and
B. exhaustive

Front 36

in experimental designs, it is important that the control group and the experimental group

Back 36

are as similiar as possible

Front 37

What is the problem with the following survey response set?
How old are you?
25 or less
25 to 65
65 and older

Back 37

the response set is not mutually exclusive

Front 38

the purpose of a qualitative interviewing is to

Back 38

understand how individuals subjectively see the world and make sense of their lives

Front 39

ofthe folowing_____is an ordinal measure and _____________ is an internal measure

Back 39

very racist/ moderately racist, 45 degrees farenheit

Front 40

_______ is an example of a composite measure

Back 40

an index

Front 41

the key difference between a group interview and a focus group is

Back 41

the research's management of the discussion

Front 42

If we are interested in establishing that two variables are related in a casual way ( A casues B), three conditions must be satisfied. Among the following items, which is NOT a factor in determing causation??

Back 42

A and B must be the result of another varible, C

Front 43

If we are obtaning data form the same sample at two or more points of time, it is likely that it will be impossible to locate some of the smaplemmeebrs for follow up interviews. This is known as

Back 43

panel attrition

Front 44

Qualatative interviews can avry in terms of
A. number of times each repsondent is interviewed
B. the llength of each interview
C. the degree of structure with each interview
D. the number of interviewees and interviewers participating in the session
E. all of the above

Back 44

ALL OF THE ABOVE

Front 45

The three A's of conceptualization include

Back 45

Action, attribute, attitude

Front 46

If you were conducting research using a cross sectional design with retrospective questions about childhood and adolescent years to adults, you

Back 46

may find this problemtaic for the accuracy of relying on answers about what they felt or did years before ( internal validity)

Front 47

in matching asignment to experimental and control groups is done by

Back 47

reviewing individual chracteristics so that the groups are alike eachother as much as possible

Front 48

if a measure yields the same result consistently, we think of it as a _____measure

Back 48

Reliable

Front 49

In some instances, it is impossible to measure a condition before the experiment is conducted. In this situatuation, one can employ a research design known as

Back 49

post test only design

Front 50

If we are interested i nthe rlationship between race and attitudes toward the death penalty, it will be important to

Back 50

important to differentiate the effets of race from other variables which may affect attitudes toward the death penalty

Front 51

open ended questions allow for respondants to answer

Back 51

in heir own words

Front 52

__- are scenarios the researcher creates to obtain information in an interview or survey

Back 52

Vignettes

Front 53

which type of survey tends to have the highest response rate?

Back 53

face ot face inteview

Front 54

an informed consent document should include information about the purpose of the study, sponsorship, the risks and benefits of participation, statement of consent, and

Back 54

who has access to the rcords and for what purposes

Front 55

some studies have found that the answers to the same questions will vary depending on how the question is administered. This occurence is called

Back 55

interviewer effect

Front 56

In qualatative interviewing, it is important to

Back 56

be aware of your responses so you are confident that you are not shaping the repondents answers in any way

Front 57

A measure has____validity if it corresponds with future behavior which it is expected to be associated with.

Back 57

predictive

Front 58

A sample is

Back 58

a subset of a population

Front 59

when a researcher believes that two variables are related in a casual way, she will be interested in manipulating the _______ during an experiment

Back 59

independent variable

Front 60

a researcher who defines elite fmailies as those with annual income larger than $250,000 has __________ this concept

Back 60

operatinalized

Front 61

Conceptualization pushes researches to clearly set forth what they mean when they use specific terms to describe a phenomena
T or F

Back 61

True

Front 62

A cross sectional research design relies on obtaning information from a cross section of the population over several points in time
T or F

Back 62

False

Front 63

In a panel design, researchers assemble a panel of experts and aks them for opinions about topics of interest
T or F

Back 63

False

Front 64

teh group in an experimental design ehivh receives the treatment or exposure to the independent variable is called the control group
T or F

Back 64

False

Front 65

In the research conducted by Gray, Palileo, and Johnson , the researchers used a proabability smaple
T or F

Back 65

True

Front 66

If a researcher is going to ask potentially embarassing or sensitive questions, it is better to get them over with early in the survey
T or F

Back 66

Flase

Front 67

If an individual at the end of an interview expresses distress or requests help, it is appropriate for the researcher to identify resources which might be of assistance
T or F

Back 67

True

Front 68

Teh measure of central tendecncy called the mean is most apporpriate for

Back 68

interval ratioe measures

Front 69

social anthropological approaches to qualitative research aim to

Back 69

discover regular patterns in social interaction

Front 70

as a measure of dispersion, the ____________ tells us how far the individual scores are form the mean

Back 70

standard deviation

Front 71

Miles and Hubberman suggest that qualitative analysis flows concurently and interactively ( the process is fluid). These flows include

Back 71

data collection, data reduction, dtata display, conclusion drawing and verification