Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
power |
the ability to bring about an intended outcome, even when opposed by others |
|
|
types of authority |
- traditional - rational-legal - charismatic |
|
|
traditional authority |
authority through compliance with well established cultural practices |
|
|
rational-legal authority |
based on established laws, rules, and procedures |
|
|
charismatic authority |
legitimacy derived from extraordinary characteristics of an individual leader who inspires loyalty and devotion |
|
|
types of power |
- legitimate power - illegitimate power |
|
|
legitimate power |
power that is voluntarily accepted by those who are affected |
|
|
illegitimate power |
power that relies on force or coercion to generate obedience |
|
|
privileged resources |
- emotional - financial - mental - physical - support systems -relationships/role models |
|
|
inequality |
the unequal distribution of resources among groups of people |
|
|
class |
a group of people who share a roughly similar economic position and lifestyle |
|
|
prestige/status |
a person’s position in a social system; also the prestige attributed to that individu |
|
|
political power |
strength through organization |
|
|
social closure |
a group maximizing its own advantages by restricting anyone else from benefiting from those advantages |
|
|
intersectionality theory |
highlights the connections and interactions between various forms of inequality, especially race, class, and gender |
|
|
stratification system |
social system made up of social structures and cultural norms that create and maintain inequality by ranking people into a hierarchy of groups that receive unequal resources |
|
|
elements of the stratification system |
- The unequal distribution of valued resources - Distinct groups that make up society’s strata (layers) - An ideology that explains and justifies inequality |
|
|
caste system |
social system featuring stratification based on various ascribed characteristics determined at birth |
|
|
class in capitalist systems |
emphasizes individualism: with hard work and determination you can accomplish anything |
|
|
class in socialist systems |
emphasizes the collective good and economic equality as coordinated by the government |
|
|
patriarchy |
male domination through social institutions and cultural practices |
|
|
wealth |
the value of financial assets such as savings, real estate, stocks, and bonds, minus any outstanding debts |
|
|
income |
money received from sources such as wages and salaries, as well as from the interest, dividends, and rent generated by wealth |
|
|
the differences in classes |
middle class = pursuing the benefits of education
working class = labor and service
the under class = chronic unemployment |
|
|
structural mobility |
mobility occurs because a shift in available occupations changes the class system as a whole |
|
|
individual mobility |
mobility occurs when a person’s class position changes without any change in the larger class structure |
|
|
absolute poverty |
a scarcity of resources so severe that it is life-threatening |
|
|
relative poverty |
a lack of the basic resources needed to maintain a standard of living considered acceptable in a particular society |
|
|
justifying inequality |
- everyone has an equal opportunity to succeed. - success is based on merit. - people can achieve success through individual ability and hard work. |
|
|
minority group |
a collection of people who suffer disadvantages and have less power because of identifiable physical or cultural characteristics |
|
|
majority group |
a collection of people who enjoy privileges and have more access to power because of identifiable physical or cultural characteristics |
|
|
Majority-Minority Interaction |
- prejudice - stereotypes - discrimination |
|
|
Minority Group Responses to Discrimination |
- withdrawal - passing - code-switching - resistance |
|
|
color-blind racism |
the promotion of race neutrality when it actually helps to maintain existing racial and ethnic inequality |
|
|
glass ceiling |
the often invisible barrier created by individual and institutional sexism that prevents qualified women from advancing to high levels of leadership and management |
|
|
areas of gender inequality and discrimination |
- education - workplace - home & family - religion - political power - sexual harassment/violence |
|
|
Trends in Family Life |
Families are getting smaller. Extended families are less common. Open mate selection is growing. Women are waiting longer to get married. People spend fewer years of their lives being married. More women are joining the paid labor force. Families increasingly include more elderly members. |
|
|
three basic elements of religion |
A set of core beliefs A set of ritual practices A community of adherents |
|
|
social function of religion |
Promote social solidarity Operate as a form of social control Can provide believers with deep social-psychological benefits Can motivate social action |
|
|
ethic of reciprocity |
the “golden rule” that encourages people to treat others as they would like to be treated |
|
|
Max Weber |
The Protestant Ethic and Spirit of Capitalm |
|
|
rise of consumer culture |
- industrialization - mass production made items easier to purchase - immense capital investments needed fro mass manufacturing |
|
|
planned obsolescence |
the intentional design and manufacture of consumer goods so as to ensure a loss of utility in a relatively short period of time |
|
|
alienation under capitalism (Marx) |
the separation and isolation of workers as a result of the structure of capitalist society |
|
|
commodification |
the process of transforming all things into a product to be bought and sold |
|
|
politics |
- the process and method of making decisions for groups. • the acquisition, use, and distribution of power at many different levels of society. |
|
|
systems of government |
- monarchy - authoritarian usually ran by central ruling parties or government - democracy ruled by the people |
|
|
pluralist theory |
theory which argues that political power is fragmented among many different competing groups |
|
|
power elite theory |
theory which suggests that political power is concentrated in the hands of a small dominant group of business, government, and military leaders |
|
|
class domination theory |
theory which suggests that political power is concentrated in the hands of the rich who own or control a large share of the nation’s economic resources |
|
|
framing theory |
assigning meaning to the movement so it hits someone in the heart |
|
|
resource movement |
the process by which social movements generate the assets necessary to build and sustain the movement |
|
|
political process theory |
the factors outside a social movement that can influence whether it emerges and is successful |
