Ets Exam, Set #2

Front 1

perception

Back 1

sensory info is used by the brain to produce a response

Front 2

transduction

Back 2

process by which the sense organs convert energy from environmental events into neural activity

Front 3

anatomical coding

Back 3

way of interpreting the location and type of sensory stimulus according to which incoming nerve fibers are active

ex: rubbing eyes, mechanically stimulate the light sensitive receptors they contain, this produces action potentials in the axons of the nerves that connect the eyes with the brain

Front 4

temporal coding

Back 4

coding of sensory information in terms of time

the rate at which neurons fire, or the temporal code, tells how intense that touch is

Front 5

psychophysics

Back 5

the study of the physical characteristics of stimuli and the psychological responses they produce

Front 6

just noticeable difference

Back 6

smallest change in the magnitude of a stimulus that a person can detect

JND is directly related to the magnitude of the existing stimulus

also can be called difference threshold

Front 7

threshold

Back 7

thin line between perceiving and not perceiving

Front 8

absolute threshold

Back 8

minimum intensity of a stimulus that can be detected

Front 9

signal detection theory

Back 9

every stimulus requires discrimination between a signal (stimulus) and a noise (combination of background stimuli and random activity of the nervous system

Front 10

ROC curve
receiver operating characteristic curve

Back 10

shows performance when the sound is difficult to detect

Front 11

cornea

Back 11

admits light

Front 12

sclera

Back 12

coats the eye

Front 13

iris

Back 13

two bands of muscles that contro lthe amount of light admitted into the eye

Front 14

accommodation

Back 14

the chane in the shape of the lens to adjust for distance

Front 15

retina

Back 15

in interior surface of the eye
the length from the eyeball from front to back matches th ebending of light rays produced by the cornea and the lens so that the image is sharply focused on retina...but if
eyes are too long are said to be near sighted

eyes that are too short are said to be farsighted

Front 16

lens

Back 16

curvature of cornea, lies immediately behind the iris

Front 17

photoreceptors

Back 17

specialized neurons that transduce light into neural activity

Front 18

optic disk

Back 18

info photoreceptors transmit to neurons that send axons toward one point at the optic disk

Front 19

rods

Back 19

dim light, very sensitive to light but are insensitive to differences between colors

Front 20

cones

Back 20

function when the level of illumination is bright enough to see things clearly, responsible for color vision

Front 21

fovea

Back 21

small pit in the back of the retina , contains only cones

Front 22

dark adaption

Back 22

the time it takes for your eyes to adapt from light to dark light

Front 23

conjugate movements

Back 23

if you focus on your finger up close and then look away you will see two images of your finger

Front 24

saccadic movements

Back 24

moving your eyes abruptly from one point to the other

Front 25

pursuit movements

Back 25

tracking movements that follow object and project its image onto the fovea

Front 26

trichromatic thoery

Back 26

three types of color receptors , blue, green, red

Front 27

opponent process theory

Back 27

brain learns presence of red or green light by increased or decreased rate of firing of axons attached to red or green ganglion cells

Front 28

protanopia

Back 28

lack of the photopigment for red cones

Front 29

deuteranopia

Back 29

green cones are filled with red photopigment

Front 30

tritanopia

Back 30

yellow/blue system

Front 31

prosopagnosia

Back 31

when a person cannot recognize particular faces

Front 32

balint's syndrome

Back 32

can recognize individual objects when they look directly at them but are unable to see where they are located

Front 33

acromatopsia

Back 33

seeing without color

Front 34

law of proximity

Back 34

elements that are closest together will be perceived as belonging together

Front 35

law of similarity

Back 35

elements that have a similar appearance will be perceived as part of the same object

Front 36

law of good continuation

Back 36

predictability or simplicity;

Front 37

law of closure

Back 37

visual system often supplies missing information and closes the outline of an incomplete figure

Front 38

law of common fate

Back 38

elements move in the same direction will be perceived as belonging together and forming a figure

Front 39

top down processing

Back 39

using contextual information to process a scene

Front 40

bottom up processing

Back 40

perception is constructed out of the features of the stimulus
the information is processed hierarchically by successive levels of the visual system