Ethics Final

Front 1

Removing a person from a respirator after he has been declared dead by whole brain death criteria and laws is a case of passive euthanasia

Back 1

False

Front 2

A person in a coma is not generally considered to be dead by most state laws

Back 2

True

Front 3

The primary determinant of whether a case should be labeled active or passive euthanasia is whether or not there is any action involved

Back 3

False

Front 4

Since blood transfusions are now common, they are always to be considered ordinary means of life support

Back 4

False

Front 5

If a person asks to be disconnected from certain life support equipment, and this is done, this is a case of what would be considered voluntary active euthanasia for one is actively doing something

Back 5

False

Front 6

Relatively common or standard measures of life support are always to be considered ordinary means of life support.

Back 6

False

Front 7

According to James Rachels, his argument supports the view that there is a definite and significant moral difference between active and passive euthanasia, considered in themselves

Back 7

False

Front 8

According to a consequentialist argument regarding legal punishment, if a form of punishment is not deterring anyone from crime, then it cannot be justified.

Back 8

True

Front 9

A retributivist argument for legal punishment is one according to which persons who break laws must be punished so that we can get personal satisfaction

Back 9

False

Front 10

A retributivist would uphold a just punishment for certain crimes even if the imposition of this punishment did not deter anyone from committing such crimes

Back 10

True

Front 11

Van den Haag holds that execution is an inappropriate means of punishing murder

Back 11

False

Front 12

A common objection to retributivism is that it strongly opposes the death penalty

Back 12

False

Front 13

A problem with the deterrence argument is that it could easily be transformed into a case of the ends justifying the means

Back 13

True

Front 14

A libertarian conception of economic justice relies on notions of a negative right, while a socialist conception stresses a positive right

Back 14

True

Front 15

According to John Rawls in his A Theory of Justice, it is always unjust for some people to be very wealthy and others to be poor

Back 15

False

Front 16

Nozick holds that taxation is an acceptable means of obtaining money in order to proved benefits for the needy

Back 16

False

Front 17

Libertarians are in favor of centralized government

Back 17

False

Front 18

Socialists believe that the government should own and control most social resources

Back 18

True

Front 19

At present the cloning of animals is somewhat inefficient and risky

Back 19

True

Front 20

Cloning to make a human being is called therapeutic cloning

Back 20

False

Front 21

The yuck factor argument to human cloning holds that we ought to trust our gut reactions to certain procedures as indicative of their moral nature

Back 21

True

Front 22

One alternative that has been suggested to overcome certain ethical concerns pertaining to the moral status of an early embryo is use of adult stem cells.

Back 22

True

Front 23

A clone can be thought of as one in a group of individuals who are genetically identical

Back 23

True

Front 24

For some, there is the worry that cloning people would amount to exploiting them

Back 24

True

Front 25

Among the indicators of economic development of a country are standard of living life expectancy, and literacy

Back 25

True

Front 26

According to Peter Singer, helping people in famine ridden countries and areas is a matter of charity not obligation or duty

Back 26

False

Front 27

One significant difference between matters of charity and matters of justice is that the former is more flexible or optional that the latter

Back 27

True

Front 28

One of the ways to evaluate ethically the policies of the IMF and World Bank is whether they have done more good than harm or the opposite

Back 28

True

Front 29

A basic problem for many developing countries is too many natural resources

Back 29

False

Front 30

For some Westerners, economic and social development are not separable form rights

Back 30

False

Front 31

Autonomy is closely linked to the practices of democracy

Back 31

True

Front 32

According to Jeremy Bentham, rights are the key to moral standing

Back 32

False

Front 33

Moral rights are rights which exist independently of the legal system

Back 33

True

Front 34

Anthropocentrists value nature for its own sake

Back 34

False

Front 35

Some ecofeminists believe that the source of our environmental problems lies in our being governed in our relation to nature by the male type of dominance over it

Back 35

True

Front 36

Deep ecologists and ecofeminists share common views about the proper way to regard nature and the sources of our environmental problems

Back 36

False

Front 37

Because huan interests in a livable environment often compete with other human economic interests, some find cost-benefit analyses useful for judging, weighing, and comparing benefits and costs

Back 37

True

Front 38

Cost benefit analyses involve both assessment and evaluations

Back 38

True

Front 39

What does the term "euthanasia" literally mean?

Back 39

Good death

Front 40

Which of the following conditions must be met for the doctrine of double effect to be morally permissible?

Back 40

The good results must outweigh the bad ones

Front 41

Identify as a retributivist, consequentialist prevention, or consequentialist deterrence justification for punishment: Some crimes are so horrible that those committing them are appropriately punished with life imprisonment without parole.

Back 41

Retributivist

Front 42

Identify as a retributivist, consequentialist prevention, or consequentialist deterrence justification for punishment: There should be no legal punishment for crimes that persons are forced to commit for they are not really responsible for these crimes

Back 42

Retrivutivist

Front 43

Identify as a retributivist, consequentialist prevention, or consequentialist deterrence justification for punishment: At least while they are in prison they cannot do any harm to those outside the prison

Back 43

Consequentialist prevention

Front 44

What is true of Ernst Van Den Haag's argument regarding capital punishment?

Back 44

That guilt is personal and the ideal of equal justice demands that justice be equally distributed-not that it be replace by equality

Front 45

According to a deterrence theory, the death penalty would be justified if it:

Back 45

prevented many future murders

Front 46

For the retributivist punishment is

Back 46

Internally related to the wrongful conduct

Front 47

How does modern liberalism differ from the classical liberalism of J.S. Mill?

Back 47

It stresses the primacy of justice, as well as liberty rights

Front 48

Libertarians would oppose

Back 48

All of these choices

Front 49

Socialists would favor

Back 49

None of these choices

Front 50

Identify as either an End State or Process view of Justice: If some in a society have greater wealth than others this is just only if the difference is due to the fact that those with more have worked harder for it

Back 50

End state view of justice

Front 51

Identify as either an End State or Process view of Justice: Just societies must satisfy the basic needs of all their members

Back 51

End state view of justice

Front 52

When the Human Genome began what was its goal?

Back 52

To "map" or code the entire human genome as a cooperative effort of the United States, Great Britain, and Japan

Front 53

Why does Kass say, "What would kinship be without clear natural grounding? And what would identity be without kinship?"

Back 53

Kass seeks to emphasize natural procreation and the fact that asexual reproduction is a radical departure from what is nature

Front 54

According to Macintosh, biology does not determine what is "natural", it is determined by

Back 54

Cultural and moral values

Front 55

What does Leon Kass think about the general repugnance at the thought of cloning of human?

Back 55

Kass says repugnance is a warning not to transgress what is unspeakably profound

Front 56

A common ethical objection to human reproductive cloning is that

Back 56

All of these choices

Front 57

Genetic engineering holds out the beneficial possibility of:

Back 57

Gene therapy

Front 58

A possible area of concern for genetic screening is

Back 58

The creation of conflicts of interest

Front 59

What ethical theory is closest to Peter Singer's when it comes to famine relief?

Back 59

Utilitarian

Front 60

Who says "the distintegration of the national egg is necessary to integrate the global omelet"?

Back 60

Herman E. Daly

Front 61

Which of the following would dictate doing something to lesson the gap between rich and poor countries?

Back 61

Self-interest

Front 62

Which of the following are common meanings of globalization?

Back 62

All of these choices

Front 63

Which of the following is taken to be a contributing factor to extreme poverty?

Back 63

All of these choices

Front 64

Identify the following as either an Anthropocentric or a Nonanthropocentric perspective: A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community

Back 64

Nonanthropocentric

Front 65

Identify the following as either an Anthropocentric or a Nonanthropocentric perspective: I'm going to work for that anti-pollution measure because if it doesn't pass even my own local rivers will be damaged, and then my health might be endangered and my sports and aesthetic interest in the rivers threatened.

Back 65

Anthropocentric

Front 66

What is meant by intrinsic value?

Back 66

Things have intrinsic value or worth when they have value or worth in themselves for some reason

Front 67

A perspective that holds that humans alone have intrinsic worth or value is called:

Back 67

Anthropocentric

Front 68

What is an example of an environment problem?

Back 68

Ozone depletion

Front 69

Why is Aldo Leopold considered significant?

Back 69

Because in his essay "The Land Ethic" he said we should think of the land as a fountain of energy

Front 70

What environmental movement locates the source of environmental problems not in metaphysical or worldviews, but social practices?

Back 70

Eco-feminism

Front 71

A perspective is anthropocentric if it holds that:

Back 71

Only human being have intrinsic

Front 72

Something has instrumental value if it is valued solely for its:

Back 72

Usefulness

Front 73

Which type of duties do we have towards moral patients?

Back 73

Direct

Front 74

According to the deep ecologist, any intrusion into nature requires:

Back 74

Justification

Front 75

What did Jeremy Bentham think we need to know to assess the moral status of animals?

Back 75

Whether or not the can suffer

Front 76

What makes something a right (as opposed to a wrong)?

Back 76

A right is a strong and legitimate claim that can be made by a claimant against someone

Front 77

What distinguishes an interest from a right?

Back 77

Having an interest in something is to have a consciousness of that thing and to want it.

Front 78

Sentience requires the capacity to:

Back 78

Feel pleasure and pain

Front 79

Which of the following is generally thought to be the stronger duty?

Back 79

Avoiding causing pain

Front 80

What ethical theory is closest to Peter Singer's when it comes to animal rights?

Back 80

Utilitarian