Ethics Final

Front 1

Ethical egoism

Back 1

Consequentialist moral theory, proposed morally right action is that which promotes the most favorable balance of good over evil for oneself, based on psychological egoism

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Psychological egoism

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Proposes that the motive for all our actions is always self-interest

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Utilitarianism

Back 3

Consequentialist, proposes that the right action is the action which directly produces the best balance of happiness over unhappiness for everyone concerned, happiness is the only intrinsic good

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Jeremy Bentham

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English philosopher, devised principle of utility, "to determine the right action, we need only compute the amount of happiness that each possible action generates and choose the one that generates the most

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Quantity

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Bentham believed that happiness could only vary in quantity, used the hedonic calculus

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Hedonic calculus

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Created by Bentham, took into account elements such as intensity, duration and fecundity, to calculate amount of happiness that a specific action creates

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John Stuart Mill

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Classical utilitarianisms major proponent, claims that happiness not only difference in quantity but quality, reformed benthams principle of utility as the greatest happiness principle

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Act utilitarianism

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Represents the classical version of benthams principle of utility, relates the utilitarian formula to specific acts

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Rule utilitarianism

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Implements the utilitarian formula in regard to general rules or principles

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Kantian ethics

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No consequentialist moral theory, kant proposes that the moral rightness/wrongness of a specific action is not a result of that actions consequences but instead is a result of the essence of the action itself

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Immanuel Kant

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German philosopher, in his moral system, the essence is grounded upon the human beings capacity to reason, south to make reason the sole foundation for all morality