Erikson Chapter 8 Post-Feudian Theory

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Erikson's stages of development rest

on an

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epigenetic principle

-each component proceeds in a step

by step fashion with later growth building

on earlier development

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During every stage people experience an interaction of opposing syntonic (Harmonious) and dystonic (disruptive) attitude attitudes

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which leads to a conflict or psychosocial crisis

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Resolution of the crisis produces a

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basic strength that enables a person to move to the next stage

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What shapes ego identity

method of Investigation

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Biological components lay group plan for each ind.

-multiplicity of historical and cultural events also shape ego identity

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Each basic strength

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has underlying an antipathy which become the core pathology of that stage

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Early infancy stage 0-2

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Characterized by - oral sensory mode

Psychosocial crisis- basic trusts vs mistrust

Basic strength of - Hope

Core pathology - withdrawl

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Early childhood stage 2-3

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Characterized by - anal, urethral &muscular psychosexual mode ( children learn to clean body cleanliness, and mobility)

Psychosocial crisis - autonomy vs shame and doubt

Basic strength of - will

Core pathology - compulsion

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Play age stage 3-5

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children experience - genital-locomotor psychosexual development - Oedipus complex is drama played out in imagination

Psychosocial crisis- initiative vs guilt

Basic strength - purpose

Core pathology - inhibition (holding back)

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School age stage 6-12,13

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Children experience - sexual latency (present but not visual)

Psychosocial crisis - industry vs inferiority

Basic strength - competence (having the skill)

Core pathology - inertia (inactivity)

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Adolescence or puberty 13-19

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Experience - sense of identity

Psychosocial crisis - identity vs identity confusion

Basic strength - Fidelity(strict observance of promise

Core pathology - repudiation (cast off)

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Young adult 18-30

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characterized by - gentility (share sexual satisfaction)

Psychosocial crisis - intimacy vs isolation

Basic strength - love

Core Pathology - exclusivity (limited to objects designated)

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Adulthood-31-60

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experience - psychosexual mode of procreativity procreativity - care for offspring

Psychosocial crisis - generatively vs stagnation

Basic Strength - care

Core Pathology - rejectivity (refuse to have take recognize)

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Old age 60 - end

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characterized by - psychosexual mode of generalized sensuality.

Psychosocial crisis - integrity vs despair

Basic strength - wisdom

Core pathology - disdain (despise)

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What is Erikson use psychohistory?

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combination of psychoanalysis and history to study the identity crises of Martin luther, Mahatma Gandhi and others.

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Post-Freudian Theory

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Extended Freud's stages into adolescence, adulthood, and old age

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Identity Crisis -

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From Adolescence on the struggle one goes through

-turning point in one's life that either strengthens or weaken's personality

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Biography of Erik Erikson

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Born 1902 in in Germany, Never knew who his father was, looked for whole life, when mom died at 58 he feared he would never know him, continued to show identity confusion, spoke German rarely spoke english, primary language for 60 years. He help liking for Denmark, Danish people. Lacked no formal training, In late adolescence left home and became wondering artist.

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Biography or Erik Erikson page 2

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when home he received a letter to teach children in Vienna, school founded by Anna Freud. Became psychoanalyst, married Joan Seson with Anna's permission. She was canadian, dancer, teacher, went through psychoanalysis. She was editor and coauthor of Erikson's books, 4 children Jon was wandering artist like dad not close. Kari & Sue had professional careers, Neil had

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Biography page 3

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Down syndrome, placed in institution. lied to kids said he died when he was institution. Told oldest child Kai, lied to others. Neil died at 20 he was in Europe. Phoned Sue and Jon to deal with death, fled to US, moved place to place. set up modified psychoanalytic practice with no education, rote Childhood and society. died at 91

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Pseudospecies

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All tries and nations, including US have an illusion that is everlasting by a society that is chosen to be the human species

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Basic Strength

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Conflict between dystonic (disruptive) and syntonic (harmonious) elements produce a ego quality or ego strength

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Core Pathology

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Basic strength becomes this

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Related research

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on adolescence, young adult, adulthood,

-stages of identity, intimacy and genreativity

-intimacy and sexual relations increasingly develop during adolescence

-intimacy was strongly predicted by ego identity

-to measure generatively (producing, creating) researchers used LGS Generatively and stagnation not the opposite of each other in adult stage

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Two approaches used by Erikson to explain personality

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1. Anthropological studies

2.psychohistory

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Anthropological studies

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-Went to pine ridge indian reservation to investigate causes of apathy among Sioux children. - ----Found Apathy (lack of interest/concern) was extreme dependency on various government programs.

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Psychohistory

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-The study of individual and collective life combined with psychoanalysis and history

-Investigation of Leonardo da Vinchi, Martin Luch, Ghandhi

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Is Erik Erikson's theory useful

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1. Generate research - higher than normal

2. Falsifiable - average

3. Organize data - limited, low - lacks sufficient scope 4. Guides action - low, guide lines but no advice high for middle age or elderly

5. Internal - High used dictionary to define terms

6. Parsimonious - moderate - precision is strength - descriptions of later stages not clear

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Erik Erikson's concept of Humanity

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1.Determinism vs Free choice - middle position

2. Pessimism vs optimism - optimistic

3. More Causality -people are influenced by biological and social factors than future

4. Conscious vs unconscious mixed 1st 4 stages shaped by unconscious.

5. Social

6. uniqueness - looked at ind differences

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Erikson identified 3 aspects of interrelated ego

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1. Body ego- experience with our body

2. Ego Ideal-image we have of ourselves in comparison with our ideal

3. Ego Identity - Image we have of ourselves in a variety of social roles we play

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In contrast to Freud, Erikson place more emphasis on?

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ego.

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Erikson built on Freud's theory by:

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elevating social factors over biological ones.

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According to Erikson, which of these is the most important aspect of the ego?

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ego identity

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During childhood, Erikson said, the ego

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weak and flexible

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To Erikson, the ego develops:

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within a social structure

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Erikson believed that healthy development rests on:

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a conflict between syntonic and dystonic tendencies.

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The epigenetic principle states that:

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the ego develops in a sequence, with each stage emerging from and being built on a previous stage.

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Erikson began his professional career as an artist.

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true

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According to Erikson, people experience little personal growth after adolescence.

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false. growth continues until old age

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An identity crisis can emerge only after a person experiences a catastrophe.

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false it usually happens between stages but can happen at any time.

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Erikson saw the ego as being capable of adapting to changes throughout the life cycle.

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true

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Each of Erikson's stages has a psychosexual mode, a psychosocial crisis, a basic strength, and a core pathology.

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true

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Erikson's concept of the Oedipus complex is nearly identical to that of Freud.

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false

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A person's first serious identity crisis

is likely to occur during adolescence.

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true

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In searching for his own identity,

Erik Erikson spent nearly a lifetime

trying to learn the name of his?

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biological father

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Erikson received a training analysis from?

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Anna Freud

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Basic trust is an example of a syntonic

element, where__________as basic

mistrust is a tendency?

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dystonic

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The ego is a positive force that

establishes,_________ Erikson believed.

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identity

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A basic______________emerges from

the conflict between dystonic and

syntonic elements.

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strength

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The core pathology of infancy is?

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withdrawal

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The core pathology of early childhood is.

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compulsion

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The basic strength of early childhood is?

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will

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The genital-is the psychosexual mode

of the play age.

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infantile

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Erikson's_____________covers about

the same time as Freud's phallic

stage—approximately ages 3 to 5

years.

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play age

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According to Erikson, teaching

and instructing in the ways of a society or

culture occur during?

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The school age

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Industry vs inferiority is Erikson's

psychosocial crisis of?

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the school age

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Erikson's core pathology of old age is?

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Disdain

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According to Erikson, self control and

interpersonal control are the tasks of the

________stage of psychosocial development

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Early childhood