Eppp Clinical Psychology

Front 1

What four things does Adler's individual Psychology focus on?

Back 1

Social Roles
Inferiority
Striving for Superiority
Style of Life:
Healthy lifestyle - optimism, confidence, and contributing to the welfare of others.
Unhealthy lifestyle - Self-centeredness, competitiveness, and striving for personal power.

Front 2

In Gestalt therapy what are the 4 main boundary disturbance?
A goal of Gestalt therapy is to help the individual integrate his:

Back 2

Introjection (absorbing the values or behaviors of others, including the larger society, without really understanding or assimilating those values or behaviors)
Projection (aspects of self to others)
Retroflection (doing to oneself what one wishes to do to others)
Confluence (absence of boundary w/environment, low tolerance of differences)

thoughts, feelings, & actions

Front 3

Etic vs Emic

Back 3

Etic = general culture
Emic = culture specific

Front 4

What are 4 consequences of oppression?

Back 4

Internalization (avoidance or denial)
Conceptual incarceration (adopting white worldview)
Split self
Racial oppression (reduced ability to recongnize and use resources)

Front 5

What are the 5 stages of the racial/cultural identity developmental model?

Back 5

1) conformity
2) dissonance
3) resistance and immersion
4) introspection
5) Integrated awareness

Front 6

What are the 4 stages of the Black racial identity model (Cross)?

Back 6

1) Preencounter
2) encounter
3) Immersion
4) Internalization

Front 7

What are the 6 stages of the white racial identity model (Helms)?

Back 7

1) Contact
2) disintegration
3) reintegration (position that whites are superior)

4) psuedo-independance (become dissatisfied with reintegration and re-examine their beliefs about racial inequalities)

5) Immersion (embrace their whiteness without rejecting members of minority groups and attempt to determine how they can feel proud of their own race without being racist)

6) Autonomy

Front 8

What are the 4 stages of Troiden's homosexual identity model?

Back 8

1) Sensitization
2) Confusion
3) assumption
4) Commitment

Front 9

According to Berry, what are the 4 degrees of acculturation?

Back 9

Integration - incorporating aspects of the dominant culture while maintaining connection with your own culture
assimilation - identifying with dominant culture while rejecting own
Separation - pulling away from the dominant culture
marginalization - not identifying with either your own culture or the dominant culture

Front 10

According to Dreikers, misbehaving children involves one of what four goals?

Back 10

Attention, revenge, power, or display of inadequacy

Front 11

According to Beck, automatic thoughts are:

Back 11

unrealistic interpretation of a
situation that determine one's maladaptive behavioral and emotional
response

Front 12

3 phases of Howard's model of psychotherapy

Back 12

remoralization, remediation, and rehabilitation

Front 13

Research indicates that matching a therapist and client in terms of race/ethnicity has what effect?

Back 13

is inconsistent but indicates that it may reduce premature termination for some groups (In one study by Sue found ethnic matching seems most beneficial for Asian- and Hispanic-Americans including therapy outcome)

Front 14

The most commonly used effect size is a type of?

Back 14

standard score - it reports the effect of an intervention in terms of standard deviation units

Front 15

According to Carl Rogers, a client is "congruent" when?

Back 15

The therapist is genuine, authentic, and nondefensive

Front 16

Palo Alto described communication as having a report function and command function - what are these

Back 16

report function = content or informational aspect of the communication
command function = conveyed nonverbally and exemplifies the relationship between the communicators

Front 17

Hypnosis involves what 3 factors?

Back 17

absorption: engrossed in experience
dissociation: ordinary functioning of consciousness and memory are altered
suggestibility: less inhibited and restricted

Front 18

According to Lenore Walker, what are the three stages of violence in relationships?

Back 18

tension building
acute battering
loving contrition (most benefits of relationship occur in this stage when apologies and declarations of love are given)
** relationship remains stable when benefits are equal to costs of relationship

Front 19

structured learning theory

Back 19

incorporates social skills training along w/modeling, role-playing, and skill instruction

Front 20

What are some strategies of motivational interviewing?

Back 20

Open ended questions, affirmations, reflective listening and summary statements

Front 21

Traditional Western approaches to individual therapy vs non-western:

Non-linear
reductionist
Holistic
Relativisitc
linear

Back 21

Traditional Western: emphasize linear causal relationships and are reductionistic (tend to explain complex phenomena in terms of relatively simple principles)

Front 22

The clinical scales of the MMPI-2 were developed using empirical criterion keying. This means that items which ....

Back 22

distinguish b/w specific subgroups of people are retained for the final version of the test

Front 23

What is "network therapy?"

Back 23

An appropriate intervention for Native American Clients where the therapist acts primarily as a catalyst who initiates the process and brings the client's family, friends, relatives (network) together

Front 24

All of the following statements about Beck's cognitive theory of the origin and maintenance of depression are true, except
a. experiences in early childhood play a role in the development of depression in adulthood
b. depressed individuals are suffering from personality pathology due to relatively stable and omnipresent dysfunctional models of the world
c. the cognitive triad of depressive cognitions is negative beliefs about the self, future, and the world.
d. automatic depressive thoughts are the result of logical errors that occur when the individual tries to interpret a situation in terms of a dysfunctional schema

Back 24

Choice B is not true of Beck's theory. According to Beck, dysfunctional schemas (i.e., models of the world) are not always present. Rather, they are activated by particular environmental events -- often, events that bear some resemblance to events earlier in life that caused the schema to develop. For instance, a business failure could activate the schema "no matter what I try, I'll fail because I'm inadequate" that might have been formed due to experiences in childhood. Unless activated by such events, schema lie dormant and don't affect functioning. You might have thought that choice A sounded more like the psychoanalytic than the cognitive viewpoint. However, as should be clear from this explanation, Beck also believes that past experiences play a role in the development of mental illness

Front 25

Irving Yalom (1985) felt the most important therapeutic factors in groups were:

Back 25

Interpersonal learning, cathrasis and cohesiveness

Front 26

An African-American adult repeatedly expresses his superiority as an African-American and expresses contempt for all Caucasians. According to Cross' Nigrescence Theory, this person is most likely in which stage of development?

Back 26

According to the Nigrescence model, during the Immersion-Emersion stage of identity development there is a tendency for African-Americans to idealize other African-Americans and the culture and denigrate Caucasian individuals and culture

Front 27

Donald Meichenbaum developed the technique of self-instruction as a means of helping impulsive and hyperactive children to perform tasks more successfully. The technique involves

Back 27

teaching the subject to make appropriate self-statements while performing a desired task

Front 28

Self in relation theory is a ______ theory which emphasizes the importance of _____________________

Back 28

feminist

one's connections with others, particularly a daughter's relationship with her mother

Front 29

According to the concept of "homeostasis" if a married woman's depressive symptoms improve what to things may happen in the family?

Back 29

1. family members may sabotage the recovery
OR
2. become symptomatic themselves

Front 30

Approximately what % of those now entering the labor force are racial ethnic minorities and women?

Back 30

75%

Front 31

What is "orgasmic reconditioning" and "satiation therapy"?

Back 31

orgasmic reconditioning - instructs a client to begin masturbating while fantasizing about the inappropriate stimulus then switch to a more appropriate fantasy at orgasm

satiation therapy - focuses on reducing arousal to inappropriate stimuli by first masturbating to orgasm while imagining appropirate stimuli then continue while fantasizing about innapropriate

Front 32

Asian-American's are more likely to attribute their academic success to:
While non-asians are more likely to attribute successful performance to:

Back 32

fear of failure

effort

Front 33

Research indicates the most effective treatment for antisocial behavior in juvenile offenders is _________
which involves _________

Back 33

Multisystemic therapy

goal oriented intensive family and community based treatment (strategic and structural family therapy, behavioral parent training, and cognitive behavioral therapies)

Front 34

According to Millon, when narcissistic people experience personal failure they resort to these three defense mechanisms

Back 34

first repression, if that doesn't work then rationalization and projection

Front 35

ECT and memory?

Back 35

most memory problems are reversable but the person may continue to complain about loss of memory for personal (autobiographical) information for many months

Front 36

Gestalt therapy strives to increase and individual's awareness of ________, _______, and ____________

Back 36

self, environment, and the nature of the self-environment boundary

Front 37

A shortcoming of most curriculum-based suicide prevention programs for adolescents is that:

Back 37

try to reduce stigmatization of suicide by attributing it to stressful life events rather than (more correctly) to mental illness. Critics argue that this emphasis reduces the effectiveness of the programs since it provides inaccurate information about the causes of suicide

Front 38

Richard Stuart applied operant conditioning and social exchange theory in the context of marital therapy. He encourages couples to focus on

Back 38

positive aspects of each other and to use reciprocal reinforcement or "quid pro quo." He maintained that in successful marriages rewards exceed costs and are built on positive reinforcement, rather than negative reinforcement, punishment, or coercion

Front 39

Research suggests that, generally speaking, individuals who migrate to the United States from another country would be most likely to experience symptoms of psychiatric disorders:

Back 39

In general, psychiatric disorders among immigrants and refugees are most frequent somewhere between the end of the first year through the third year after they immigrate to this country. This observation is related to what has been termed the "social displacement syndrome." This is the tendency of immigrants to initially experience elation and optimism, followed by a period of frustration, depression, and confusion as the reality of the adjustments required by their new lives sets in

Front 40

When working with African-American families, Nancy Boyd-Franklin recommends

Back 40

the use of a multisystems (ecostructural) approach

Front 41

When comparing feminist therapy to a more psychodynamic approach, feminist theory

Back 41

Takes factors other than a woman's view of herself into consideration: A primary goal is empowerment or helping women become more self-defining and self-determining

Front 42

Research on the impact of therapist experience on therapy outcome suggests that the relationship between experience and outcome:

Back 42

studies report a moderate relationship between a therapist's experience and the outcomes of therapy for the client overall, but a somewhat stronger relationship when the client's symptoms are severe. This makes sense: Experience would seem to be more important for very troubled clients

Front 43

In their discussion of mental health services for Latino clients, Rogler et al. (1987) describe three ways to increase the cultural sensitivity of therapy for members of this group. These methods include all of the following

Back 43

incorporating elements of Latino culture into therapy

increasing the accessibility of mental health services for Latino clients

selecting standard treatments that best fit Latino culture

Front 44

Jung’s analytical psychology differs from Freud’s in that

Back 44

that he had a more optimistic view of human nature, he promoted a more active interchange b/w analyst and patent, and he conceptualized the psyche as continuing to evolve throughout the lifespan (Similar to Freud he considered the ego an important part of his theory)

Front 45

According to Kohut (self-psychology), the roots of ____________ can be found in excessively unempathic responses of the child’s self-object

Back 45

Narcissism

Front 46

Recent studies examining therapist preferences of individuals belonging to culturally-diverse groups indicates that they are most likely to rank _________ as more important than ______________

Back 46

attitude similarity more important than race/ethnic similarity

Front 47

Negative Effects of ECT:

Back 47

patchy anterograde amnesia (3-6mo), temporary retrograde amnesia

Front 48

According to Rational Emotive Therapy, irrational beliefs are acquired through:

Back 48

biological basis (people have natural tendencies towards beliefs)