Env. Sci. Chapter 5

Front 1

Reasons for the patterns of growth

Back 1

Biotic potential exceeds environmental resistance: birth rates exceed death rates

Front 2

humans added to the earth each hour

Back 2

9,000

Front 3

Reasons for the Human Population Explosion

Back 3

Causes of disease recognized
-Improvements in nutrition
-Discovery of antibiotics
-Improvements in medicine
-Increase in number of women who actually reach child-bearing age
-Short doubling times in some countries

Front 4

Average Number of Children, Grandchildren, and Great Grandchildren

Back 4

America -14
Germany -5
Africa -258

Front 5

High-income, highly developed, industrialized countries

Back 5

United States, Japan, Canada
Average GNI per capita = $26,710

Front 6

Middle-income, moderately developing countries

Back 6

Latin America, South Africa, China?
Average GNI per capita = $1,850

Front 7

Low-income, developing countries

Back 7

Western and central Africa, India, central Asia
Average GNI per capita = $430

Front 8

Developed countries

Back 8

16% of the world’s population
Control 81% of the world’s wealth

Front 9

Low-income developing countries

Back 9

41% of the world’s population
Control 3.4% of the world’s gross national income

Front 10

Human Poverty Index for Developing Countries

Back 10

The HPI was developed by the UN to illustrate the disproportionate distribution of
wealth between and within countries. The HPI indicates 10%-15% of people in
developed and ~45% of those in developing countries are poor.

Front 11

Human pressure on the environment caused by three factors

Back 11

Population size
Affluence
Technology

Front 12

environmental misuse

Back 12

Developing countries sustaining a high fertility rate coupled
with developed countries placing a disproportionate demand
on natural resources results in

Front 13

Global Conditions for a Sustainable Population. What do we do to offset this dilemma?

Back 13

-Lower fertility rates (stabilize population)
-Consumption must decrease
-Protect the environment (stewardly action must increase)

Front 14

Basic Human Needs

Back 14

Drinkable Water
Edible Food
Safe Housing
Health Care
An Education
A Job

Front 15

What are the impacts of rapid growth on a population that
is largely engaged in subsistence agriculture?
There are 6 scenarios, all of which are seen:

Back 15

-Reform the system of land ownership where land is handed down to family members causing smaller and smaller plots
-Intensify cultivation of existing land to increase production per unit area; soil overused and soil deteriorates
-Open new land to farm be burning/deforestation
-Move to cities and seek employment
-Engage in illicit activities for income
-Move to other countries

Front 16

Consequences of Exploding Populations

Back 16

deforestation
resource depletion
loss of agricultural land
biodiversity
disease
pest resistance
wetlands

Front 17

Affluence in the United States

Back 17

Consume the largest share of 11 of 20 major commodities (Al, coffee, Cu, Pb, Oil,
oilseeds, natural gas, rubber, Zn, Tin/Sn)
Eat more than three times the global average in meat
Lead the world in paper consumption (725
lbs per person per year!)
GOOD: Environment improves with increasing affluence as quality of drinking water, sewage treatment, and refuse collection increase; we are
able to pay for conservation/management of
environmental resources

Front 18

Affluence in the United States

Back 18

BAD:
We lead world in production of pollutants
Enables wealthy to clean up immediate environment by transferring waste (pollutants) to more distant locations.
Affluent isolate themselves and unaware of the environmental stresses caused by their consumptive lifestyles.

Front 19

population profile

Back 19

a bar graph showing the number or proportion of people (males to females)
at each age for a given population

can show the historical
events such as the Great Depression,
Baby Boom after WWII, etc.

It can also be used to predict the various
demands for goods and services by
different age cohorts in the future.

Front 20

Calculating Fertility Rates and Doubling Times

Back 20

(CBR – CDR)/10 = Rate of increase or decrease
in population per 1,000 per year

70 / Rate of Increase = Doubling Time

Front 21

A stable population is only produced if, and only if

Back 21

the CBR and CDR are =

Front 22

Human Poverty Index for Developing Countries

Back 22

1. a long healthy life 2. Knowledge 3. standard of living