Endocrine System: Glands, Hormones, Target Tissues, Hormone Effects

Front 1

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone, GHRH

Back 1

Anterior Pituitary.

Hint 1

Stimulates release of growth hormone

Front 2

Growth Hormone Inhibitng Hormone, GHIH

Back 2

Anterior Pituitary.

Hint 2

Suppresses release of Growth Hormone

Front 3

Corticotropin releasing Hormone, CRH

Back 3

Anterior Pituitary.

Hint 3

Stimulates release of adrenocorticotropin

Front 4

Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone, TRH

Back 4

Anterior Pituitary

Hint 4

Stimulates release of thyroid stimulating hormone

Front 5

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone, GnRH

Back 5

Anterior Pituitary

Hint 5

Stimulates release of luteinizing hormnone and follicle stimulating hormone.

Front 6

Prolactin Realeasing Hormone, PRH

Back 6

Anterior Pituitary

Hint 6

Stimulates release of prolactin

Front 7

Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone, PIH

Back 7

Anterior Pituitary

Hint 7

Suppresses release of prolactin

Front 8

Antiduiretic Hormone, ADH

Back 8

Kidneys

Hint 8

>H20 into blood volume

Front 9

Oxytocin

Back 9

Uterus, breasts, kidneys

Hint 9

>uterine contractions & milk

Front 10

Growth Hormone, GH

Back 10

all cells ESP growing

Hint 10

Stimulates body growth. Switch to fats as energy source

Front 11

Adrenocrticotropic Hormone, ACTH

Back 11

Origin: Anterior Pituitary. Target: Adrenal Cortexes

Hint 11

Stimulates release of coritcosteriodal hormones cortisol and aldosterone

Front 12

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, TSH

Back 12

Origin: Anterior Pituitary. Target: Thyroid

Hint 12

Stimulates release of thyroid stimulating hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine

Front 13

Follicle Stimulating Hormone, FSH

Back 13

Origin: Anterior Pituiatry Target: Ovaries or Testes

Hint 13

Stimulates development of sex cells (ovum/sperm)

Front 14

Luteinizing Hormone, LH

Back 14

Origin: Anterior Pituitary Target: Ovaries or testes

Hint 14

Stimulates release of estrogen, progesterone, or testoserone

Front 15

Prolactin, PRL

Back 15

Origin: Anterior Pituitary Target: Mammary Glands

Hint 15

Stimulates production and release of milk

Front 16

Thyroxin, T４

Back 16

Origin: Thyroid
Target: All Cells

Hint 16

Stimulates cell metabolism

Front 17

Triiodothyronine, T３

Back 17

Origin: Thyroid
Target: All Cells

Hint 17

Stimulates cell metabolism

Front 18

Calcitonin

Back 18

Origin: Thyroid
Target: Bone

Hint 18

Stimulates cell uptake by bones, decreasing blood calcium levels

Front 19

Parathyroid Hormone, PTH

Back 19

Origin: Parathyroid
Target: Bone, Intestine, Kidneys

Hint 19

Stimulates Ca＋＋ release from bone, Ca＋＋ uptake from GI tract, Ca＋＋ reabsorption in kidneys, all increasing Ca＋＋ level

Front 20

Thymosin

Back 20

Origin: Thymus
Target: White blood cells, Primarily T lymphocytes

Hint 20

Stimulates reproduction and functional development of T lymphocytes

Front 21

Glucagon

Back 21

Origin: Pancreas
Target: All cells, particularly in lvier, muscle, and fat

Hint 21

Stimulates hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, increasing blood glucose levels

Front 22

Insulin

Back 22

Origin: Pancreas
Target: All cells, particularly liver, muscle, and fat

Hint 22

Stimulates cellular uptake of glucose; increased rate of synthesis of glycogen, proteins, and fats, decreasing blood glucose level

Front 23

Somatostatin

Back 23

Origin: Pancreas
Target: A & B cells of the pancreas

Hint 23

Suppresses secretion of glucagon and insulin within Islets of Langerhans

Front 24

Epinephrine

Back 24

Origin: Adrenal Medulla
Target: Muscle, Liver, Cardiovascular system

Hint 24

fight or flight response

Front 25

Norepinephrine

Back 25

Origin: Adrenal Cortex
Target: Muscle, liver, cardiovascular system

Hint 25

stimulates vasoconstriction

Front 26

Glucocorticoids
Cortisol

Back 26

Origin: Adrenal Cortex
Target: Most cells, particularly white blood cells (inflammatory and immune response)

Hint 26

Stimulates glucagon like effects, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agent

Front 27

Mineralocorticoids
Aldosterone

Back 27

Origin: Adrenal Cortex
Target: Kidneys, blood

Hint 27

Contributes to salt and fluid balance by stimulating kidneys to increase potassium excretion and decrease sodium excretion, increasing blood flow

Front 28

Estrogen

Back 28

Origin: Ovaries
Target: female reproductive tract

Hint 28

Secondary sex characteristics, plays role in maturation of egg prior to ovulation

Front 29

Progesterone

Back 29

Origin: Ovaries
Target: uterus

Hint 29

Stimulates uterine changes necessary for pregnancy

Front 30

Testosterone

Back 30

Origin: Testes
Target: Most cells, particularly those of male reproductive tract

Hint 30

Stimulates dvelopment of secondary sexual characteristics, palys role in development of sperm cells

Front 31

Melatonin

Back 31

Origin: Pineal Gland
Target: Exact action unknown

Hint 31

Release melatonin in response to light; may help determine daily, lunar, and reproductive cycles; may affect mood

Front 32

Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (hCG)

Back 32

glycoprotein hormone produced in pregnancy that is made by the developing embryo after conception and later by the syncytiotrophoblast (part of the placenta)

Front 33

Gastrin

Back 33

released by G cells in the stomach, duodenum, and the pancreas stimulated by peptides in the lumen of the stomach.

Hint 33

stimulates secretion of gastric acid (HCl) by the parietal cells of the stomach and aids in gastric motility

Front 34

Secretin

Back 34

produced in the S cells of the duodenum in the crypts of Lieberkühn

Hint 34

increases watery bicarbonate solution from pancreatic duct epithelium. counteracts blood glucose concentration spikes by triggering increased insulin release from pancreas, following oral glucose intake

Front 35

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH), or atriopeptin

Back 35

powerful vasodilator, and a protein (polypeptide) hormone secreted by heart muscle cells

Hint 35

homeostatic control of body water, sodium, potassium and fat (adipose tissue). It is released by muscle cells in the upper chambers (atria) of the heart (atrial myocytes), in response to high blood pressure. ANP acts to reduce the water, sodium and adipose loads on the circulatory system, thereby reducing blood pressure

Front 36

Renin angiotensinogenase

Back 36

enzyme that participates in the body's renin-angiotensin system (RAS) that mediates extracellular volume (i.e., that of the blood plasma, lymph and interstitial fluid), and arterial vasoconstriction. Thus, it regulates the body's mean arterial blood pressure.

Hint 36

enzyme that participates in the body's renin-angiotensin system (RAS) that mediates extracellular volume (i.e., that of the blood plasma, lymph and interstitial fluid), and arterial vasoconstriction. Thus, it regulates the body's mean arterial blood pressure.

Front 37

Erythropoietin, or its alternatives erythropoetin or erithropoyetin

Back 37

produced by the peritubular capillary endothelial cells in the kidney and liver, it is the hormone that regulates red blood cell production

Hint 37

EPO, is a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis, or red blood cell production. It is a cytokine for erythrocyte (red blood cell) precursors in the bone marrow.