Ems 111 Midterm Review

Front 1

If one or more occupants in the same vehicle are killed in a crash, the EMT should

Back 1

suspect all living occupants experienced the same serious trauma

Front 2

According to the rule of palm method for estimating the extent of a patient's burns, the palm of the patient's hand is equal to _______ of his or her total BSA

Back 2

1%

Front 3

The hypoxic drive- the primary stimulus to breathe for patients with certain chronic respiratory diseases- is influenced by

Back 3

low blood oxygen levels

Front 4

You suspect that a pregnant 16 year old girl has broken a leg after she was hit by a car. You explain that you plan to splint her leg, and she agrees to the treatment. What type of consent is her treatment considered?

Back 4

expressed

Front 5

A 50-year-old-male was splashed in the eyes with radiator fluid when he was working on his car. During your assessment, he tells you that he wears soft contact lenses. You should:

Back 5

carefully remove the contact lenses then irrigate his eyes with saline

Front 6

A young female experienced a laceration to her left eyeball from flying glass when her boyfriend broke a soda bottle against a wall. There is moderate bleeding and the patient states that she cannot see out of the injured eye. You should:

Back 6

avoid applying pressure to the globe when you are covering the eye.

Front 7

Select the areas of the spinal column in descending order.

Back 7

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx

Front 8

A 67-year-old male presents with weakness, dizziness, and melena (dark, bloody feces) that began approximately 2 days ago. He denies a history of trauma. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing:

Back 8

gastrointestinal bleeding

Front 9

The proper technique for using the power grip is to:

Back 9

lift with your palms up

Front 10

What types of motor vehicle collisions present the GREATEST potential for multiple impacts?

Back 10

rotational and rollover

Front 11

Which of the following patients is in decompensated (failure of an organ esp. the liver or heart) shock?

Back 11

a 20-year-old female with absent radial pulses and dilated pupils

Front 12

The final stage of death and dying is MOST commonly displayed as:

Back 12

acceptance

Front 13

The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the:

Back 13

pulmonary veins

Front 14

A 71-year-old male is semiconscious following a sudden, severe headache. There is vomitus on his face and his respirations are slow and shallow. The EMT must immediately:

Back 14

perform oropharyngeal suctioning

Front 15

A 40- year -old male was in his woodworking shop when he felt a sudden, sharp pain in his left eye. Your assessment reveals a small splinter of wood embedded in his cornea. You should:

Back 15

cover both of his eyes and transport to the hospital

Front 16

Which of the following interventions is the MOST critical to the OUTCOME of a patient with a multisystem trauma?

Back 16

rapid transport to a trauma center.

Front 17

The disruption of a joint in which the bone ends are no longer in contact is called a:

Back 17

dislocation

Front 18

Common signs and symptoms of an airway burn include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 18

chest pressure

Front 19

Which of the following nerves allow sensory and motor impulses to be sent from one nerve directly to another?

Back 19

connecting

Front 20

The standards for prehospital emergency care and the individuals who provide it are typically regulated by the:

Back 20

state office of EMS

Front 21

The MOST significant hazard associated with splinting is:

Back 21

delaying transport of a critically injured patient

Front 22

EMT training in nearly every state meets or exceeds the guidelines recommended by the:

Back 22

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)

Front 23

A full-body scan should be performed on:

Back 23

patients with a significant MOI and unresponsive medical patients

Front 24

After applying a pressure dressing to a laceration on a patient's arm, you notice that blood is slowly beginning to saturate it. You should:

Back 24

place additional dressings over the wound

Front 25

Distributive shock occurs when:

Back 25

widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds.

Front 26

In order for a do not resusciate (DNR) order to be valid, it must

Back 26

clearly state the patient's medical problem

Front 27

In what manner should you act and speak with a patient?

Back 27

calm and confident

Front 28

The MOST reliable sign of a head injury is:

Back 28

decreased level of consciousness

Front 29

Which of the following fractures has the greatest potential for internal blood loss and shock?

Back 29

pelvis

Front 30

Peritonitis, an intense inflammatory reaction of the abdominal cavity, usually occurs when:

Back 30

hollow abdominal organs are damaged and spill their contents

Front 31

Hypoxia is MOST accurately defined as

Back 31

inadequate oxygen to the tissues and cells

Front 32

The MOST significant complication associated with facial injuries is:

Back 32

airway compromise

Front 33

You arrive at the scene of an apparent death. When evaluating the patient, which of the following is a definitive sign of death?

Back 33

dependent lividity (bluish, darken color)

Front 34

The official transfer of patient care does not occur until the EMT:

Back 34

gives an oral report to the emergency room physician or nurse.

Front 35

When you use the palpation method to obtain a blood pressure, the measurement you obtain is the:

Back 35

systolic blood pressure

Front 36

A 37- year-old male was pinned between a flatbed truck and a loading dock. On exam, you find bruising to the chest, distended neck veins, bilaterally diminished breath sounds, and bilateral scleral hemorrhaging. You should:

Back 36

Aggressively manage his airway

Front 37

Which organ lies in the lateral and posterior portion of the left upper quadrant (LUQ) of the abdomen?

Back 37

spleen

Front 38

At the scene of an automobile crash, a utility pole has been broken and power lines are lying across the car. The patients inside the car are conscious. You should:

Back 38

mark off a danger zone around the downed lines

Front 39

The MOST common and serious complication of a significant head injury is:

Back 39

a skull fracture

Front 40

The goal of the primary assessment is to:

Back 40

identify and rapidly treat all life-threatening conditions

Front 41

The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of the:

Back 41

brain and spinal cord

Front 42

A young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an altercation with a rival gang member. As your partner is assessing and managing his airway, you should control the obvious bleeding and then:

Back 42

assess for an exit wound.

Front 43

The presence of a tachycardia following a significant abdominal injury:

Back 43

should be assumed to be sign of shock

Front 44

During your assessment of a patient with blunt chest trauma, you note paradoxical movement of the left chest wall. As your partner is administering oxygen to the patient, you should:

Back 44

stabilize the chest wall with a bulky dressing.

Front 45

An elderly patient has fallen and hit her head. You assess her level of consciousness as unresponsive using the AVPU scale. Your initial care should focus on :

Back 45

airway, breathing and circulation. (ABC)

Front 46

Which of the following questions would you ask a patient to ascertain the "M" in the SAMPLE history?

Back 46

"How much Tylenol do you take each day?"

Front 47

Hypovolemic shock occurs when:

Back 47

the body cannot compensate for rapid blood loss

Front 48

The person who is responsible for authorizing EMTs to perform emergency medical care in the field is the:

Back 48

medical director

Front 49

Which of the following nerves carry information from the body to the brain via the spinal cord?

Back 49

sensory

Front 50

Following direct trauma to the upper anterior neck, a young male presents with labored breathing, loss of voice, and subcutaneous emphysema in the soft tissues around his neck. You should suspect a(n):

Back 50

laryngeal fracture

Front 51

Shortly after loading your patient, a 50-year-old man with abdominal pain, into the ambulance, he tells you that he changed his mind and does not want to go to the hospital. He is conscious and alert and has no signs of mental incapacitation. You are suspicious that the man has significant underlying condition and feel strongly that he should go to the hospital. Which of the following statements regarding this situation is correct?

Back 51

A mentally competent adult can withdraw his or her consent to treat at any time.

Front 52

Significant vital changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than _________ of his or her total blood volume.

Back 52

20%

Front 53

A hematoma develops when:

Back 53

large blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged.

Front 54

Most cases of external bleeding from an extremity can be controlled by:

Back 54

applying local direct pressure

Front 55

When you assess capillary refill time (CRT) in an INFANT, normal color to the tested area should return within:

Back 55

2 seconds

Front 56

Accumulation of the blood in the abdominal cavity will MOST likely cause:

Back 56

distension

Front 57

You and your partner are treating a 66-year-old man who experienced a sudden onset of respiratory distress. He is conscious but is unable to follow simple verbal commands. Further assessment reveals that his breathing is severely labored and his oxygen saturation is 80%. You should:

Back 57

assist his ventilations with a bag-mask device.

Front 58

A spontaneous pneumothorax would MOST likely occur as the result of:

Back 58

exertion of a person with a congenital lung defect

Front 59

When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is MOST important to remember that:

Back 59

blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock.

Front 60

Which of the following is a severe burn in a 35-year-old patient?

Back 60

circumferential partial-thickness burn to the chest

Front 61

You have sealed the open chest wound of a 40-year-old male who was stabbed in the anterior chest. Your reassessment reveals that he is experiencing increasing respiratory distress and tachycardia, and is developing cyanosis. You should:

Back 61

partially remove the dressing.

Front 62

During transport of a 40-year-old female with acute abdominal pain, you note that she has stopped talking to you and has become extremely diaphoretic. You should:

Back 62

repeat the primary assessment

Front 63

A closed soft-tissue injury characterized by swelling and ecchymosis is called a(n):

Back 63

contusion

Front 64

A 19-year-old male is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless after being struck in the center of the chest with a softball. Based on the mechanism of injury, what MOST likely occurred?

Back 64

ventricular fibrillation when the impact occurred during a critical portion of the cardiac cycle.

Front 65

The hallmark sign of compartment syndrome is:

Back 65

pain out of proportion to the injury

Front 66

Skeletal muscle is attached to the bone by tough, ropelike fibrous structures called:

Back 66

tendons

Front 67

The simplest yet most effective method of preventing the spread of an infectious disease is to:

Back 67

wash your hands in between patient contacts

Front 68

In which of the following situations should the EMT splint an injured limb in the position of deformity?

Back 68

if resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain

Front 69

An open fracture is MOST accurately defined as a fracture in which:

Back 69

the overlying skin is no longer intact

Front 70

In relation to the wrist, the elbow is:

Back 70

proximal

Front 71

Inhalation occurs when the:

Back 71

diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract and cause a decrease in intrathoracic pressure.

Front 72

When perfusion to the core of the body decreases:

Back 72

blood is shunted away from the skin

Front 73

The MOST reliable indicator of an underlying fracture is:

Back 73

point tenderness

Front 74

Vector-borne transmission of an infectious organism occurs via:

Back 74

animals or insects

Front 75

When caring for a patient whose arm is covered with a dry chemical, you should:

Back 75

brush away the chemical before flushing with water

Front 76

A 40-year-old male crashed his motorcycle into a tree. HE is semiconscious, has snoring respirations, and has lacerations to the forearm with minimal bleeding. You should:

Back 76

open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver

Front 77

Two EMTs witnessed a call in which a coworker gave adequate medical care but ignored the patient's emotional needs. The coworker was deliberately rude solely because the patient was thought to be infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The EMTs ignored the coworker's treatment of this patient and took no steps to prevent this behavior from happening again. This lack of action on the part of the two EMTs is considered:

Back 77

legal but unethical

Front 78

In which of the following patients should you remove an impaled object?

Back 78

a pulseless and apneic patient with a knife impaled in the back

Front 79

Which of the following components are needed to prove negligence?

Back 79

duty to act, breach of duty, injury/damages, and causation.

Front 80

A 23-year-old male experienced severe head trauma after his motorcycle collided with an oncoming truck. He is unconscious, has rapid and shallow breathing, and has copious bloody secretions in his mouth. How should you manage his airway?

Back 80

Alternate 15 seconds of oral suctioning with 2 minutes of assisted ventilations

Front 81

A patient who is complaining of seeing flashing lights, specks, or "floaters" in his or her field of vision has MOST likely experienced:

Back 81

a detached retina

Front 82

Any radio hardware containing a transmitter and receiver that is located in a fixed location is called a:

Back 82

base station

Front 83

A construction worker fell approximately 30' and landed in a pile of steel rods. Your assessment reveals that he is pulseless and apneic and has a 10" steel rod impaled in his left leg. You should:

Back 83

control the bleeding, begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), stabilize the steel rod, immobilize his spine, and transport immediately.

Front 84

If direct pressure with a sterile dressing fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply:

Back 84

a tourniquet proximal to the injury.

Front 85

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal trauma is correct?

Back 85

The absence of abdominal pain does not rule out inta-abdominal bleeding

Front 86

If a person is standing near a building that explodes, which of the following injuries would he or she MOST likely experience as a result of the pressure wave?

Back 86

stomach rupture

Front 87

The leaf-shaped flap of tissue that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing is called the:

Back 87

epiglottis

Front 88

A 21-year-old male was working in an auto repair shop and sustained radiator burns to the anterior aspect of both arms and to his anterior chest. According to the rule of nines, this patient has burns that cover ________ of his BSA.

Back 88

18%

Front 89

The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by the:

Back 89

diaphragm.

Front 90

What part of the nervous system controls the body's voluntary activities?

Back 90

somatic

Front 91

A 17-year-old male was shot in the right anterior chest during an altercation with a gang member. As your partner is applying 100% oxygen, you should perform a rapid secondary assessment and find an open chest wound with a small amount of blood bubbling from it. You should:

Back 91

apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment.

Front 92

You and your partner respond to the scene of a 49-year-old male with acute abdominal pain. As you enter his residence, you find him lying on the floor in severe pain. He is conscious and alert. The patient appears to weigh in excess of 350 Ibs. Your FIRST action should be to:

Back 92

request an additional personnel before making any attempts to lift him

Front 93

An epidural hematoma is MOST accurately defined as:

Back 93

bleeding between the skull and dura mater.

Front 94

You and your partner enter the residence of an elderly couple, both of whom are found unconscious in their bed. There is no evidence of trauma. As you begin your assessment, you and your partner notice the smell of natural gas in the residence. Which of the following should be your MOST appropriate action?

Back 94

Rapidly remove the patients from their residence using a blanket or clothes drag.

answer could also be

Quickly exit the residence and request the fire dept to move the patients

Front 95

During the primary assessment, circulation is evaluated by assessing:

Back 95

pulse quality, external bleeding, and skin condition

Front 96

An EMT would MOST likely be held liable for abandonment if he or she:

Back 96

did not make provisions for continued care of an injured patient

Front 97

A 22-year-old male was punched in the abdomen several times. You find him lying on his left side with his knees drawn up. He is conscious and alert and complains of increased pain and nausea when he tries to straighten his legs. His blood pressure is 142/82 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 110 beats/min and strong, and his respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. In addition to administering high-flow oxygen, you should:

Back 97

transport him in the position in which you found him

Front 98

The patient care report (PCR) ensures:

Back 98

continuity of care

Front 99

The central nervous system is composed of the:

Back 99

brain and spinal cord

Front 100

Which of the following statements regarding an emergency patient move is correct?

Back 100

An emergency move is performed before the primary assessment and treatment