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185 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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RUQ organs.
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Liver, Kidney, Colon, Pancreas, GALLBLADDER
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LUQ organs.
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Liver, SPLEEN, Kidney, STOMACH, Colon, Pancreas
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RLQ organs.
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Kidney, Colon, Small Intestines, Major Artery and Vein, Ureter, APPENDIX.
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LLQ organs.
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Kidney, Colon, Small Intestines, Major Artery and Vein, Ureter.
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Ligament
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Bone to bone.
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Tendon
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Muscle to bone.
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Cartilage
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Covers the ends of bones at joints.
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Maxillae
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Fused bones of upper jaw.
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Zygomatic arches
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Cheek bones
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Cervical Vertebrae
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7 neck bones
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Thoracic vertebrae
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12 vertebrae of the upper back.
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Lumbar vertebrae
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5 vertebrae of the lower back.
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Sacral vertebrae
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5 vertebrae of the pelvis
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Coccyx vertebrae
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4 vertebrae of the tailbone.
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Xiphoid process
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Inferior portion of the sternum.
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Manubrium
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Superior portion of the sternum.
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Ilium
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Superior and widest portion of the pelvis
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Ischium
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Inferior and posterior portions of the pelvis.
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Pubis
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Medial anterior portion of the pelvis.
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Acetabulum
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Pelvic socket of which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint.
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Malleolus
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protrusions at the sides of the ankle. Medial and lateral malleolus.
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Acromion process
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Highest portion of the shoulder.
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Acromioclavicular joint
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Joint at the acromion process and clavicle.
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Automaticity
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the ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own.
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Epiglottis
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a leaf shaped structure preventing food from entering the trachea.
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Larynx (what is above and below)
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Voice box. Above Trachea. Below Epiglottis and Pharynx.
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Cricoid cartilage
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Ring like structure forming the lower portion of the larynx. Below the Thyroid cartilage.
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Autonomic nervous system
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division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor functions.
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Peripheral nervous system
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Sensory nerves and motor nerves.
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Liver
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Produces bile and assists in breakdown of fats and general metabolism.
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Gallbladder
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Sac on the underside of the liver that stores bile.
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Pancreas
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Gland located behind the stomach that produces insulin and aids in digestion in the duodenum of the small intestine.
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Spleen
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Organ that acts as the blood filtration system and reservoir for reserves of blood.
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Appendix
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Small tube located near the junction of the small and large intestines. Unsure what it does.
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Subcutaneous skin layer
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Layers of fat and soft tissue found below the dermis.
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Dermis skin layer
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Inner layer of skin rich in blood vessels and nerves. Beneath the Epidermis.
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Endocrine system
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The system of glands that produce chemicals and hormones that help regulate bodily functions.
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Insulin
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A hormone produced by the pancreas.
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NC range and % delivered
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1-6 lpm, 24-44%
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NRB range and % delivered
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12-15 lpm, 80-90%
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3 symptoms of a heat stroke
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Aside from the pt being in a hot environment:
Hot and dry skin. Dilated pupils. Tachycardia or arrhythmia AMS Seizures |
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5 things that can cause seizures
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Epilepsy
Head Trauma Hypoxia Hypoglycemia Hypoperfusion CVA Drugs/alcohol Fever |
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110 lbs to kg
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50 kg
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220 lbs to kg
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100 kg
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5 reasons your pulseox can be wrong
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It's broken
Hypothermia Hypoperfusion CO poisoning Anemic Vaso Constriction Hemaglobin Abnormality |
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Lung sound: Crowing
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Sounds like a Crow's caw.
Indicates muscles of the larynx are spasming and beginning to narrow the trachea |
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Larynx (above below)
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Voice box. Above Trachea, below Pharynx.
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Which one is the Fibula?
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Lateral, smaller.
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How many Sacral?
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5 fused vertebrae of the posterior pubis.
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Cervical spine
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Seven vertebrae of the neck
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Pulmonary Vein flows _______ blood into the Left _________ from the ________.
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oxygenated, atrium, lungs.
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Edema
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Swelling caused by accumulation of fluid in tissue
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What is an Olecranon?
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Part of the Ulna that makes the point of the elbow.
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Hydrostatic pressure
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Pressure against the inside of blood vessels.
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Hemoglobin is?
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A protein found ont he surface of red blood cells responsible for binding O2.
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CNS
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Central Nervous System. The brain and spinal cord.
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Libel
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Injuring a person's name through writing or media with malicious intent or reckless disregard
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Metacarpals
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Bones of the hand (palm area)
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Vena Cavae carry _______ blood into the Right ________ from the _________.
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unoxygenated, atrium, rest of the body.
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Decorticate posturing is? Means?
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Back arched, arms flexed inward to chest.
Indicates a serious brain injury. |
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Transverse Plane
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Separates the body into superior and inferior.
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Coronal plane
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Separates body into anterior and posterior. Or into dorsal and ventral.
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Midsagittal plane
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Separates the body into Left and Right
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Describe expiration.
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Exhalation. Passive. Intercostals and Diaphragm relax. Diaphragm raises.
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Describe inspiration.
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Inhalation. Active. Intercostals and diaphragm contract. Diaphragm lowers.
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Expressed consent
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Permission from a conscious and mentally competent adult.
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Defamation
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Intentional false communication damaging a reputation.
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Mottling
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Splotchy skin pattern. A sign of shock.
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Shock
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Insufficient supply of oxygen and other nutrients to body because of poor circulation.
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Informed consent
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Permission by a competent adult based on full disclosure of risks and consequences.
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Axilla
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Armpit.
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Carina
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Where trachea splits into left and right main stem bronchi.
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Metatarsals
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Bones in foot arches.
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Calcaneus
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Heel bone
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BP per age equations.
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80+(2*age)=systolic
2/3(systolic)=diastolic |
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Birth is immanent when contractions are ____________ minutes apart and last _______.
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2-3 minutes apart, lasting 30-40 seconds.
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Newborn pulse
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120-160 bpm.
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Newborn breaths
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30-50 /minute
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Amount of blood in:
9 lb newborn 60 lb child 125 lb adult |
12 oz newborn
2 liter child 4 liter adult |
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Artificial ventilation rate for:
newborn (0-1) child (1-puberty) adult (puberty+) |
12-20 neonate
12-20 child 10-12 adult |
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Croup is what? Symptoms are?
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Viral illness in children (6 mo - 4 y/o)
Fever Seal bark Cyanosis |
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Epiglottitis is? Symptoms are?
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Inflammation of the epiglottis (3 - 7 y/o)
Sudden onset fever painful swallowing tripod stillness |
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Meningitis is? Symptoms are?
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Bacterial or Viral infection of the brain and/or spinal cord (1 - 5 y/o)
high fever lethargy irritability headache stiff neck light sensitivity bulging fontanels seizures |
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Pediatric CPR ratio > 1 y/o
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30:2 - 1 rescuer
15:2 - 2 rescuer |
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Pediatric Trauma Center
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Johns Hopkins Children Center
#704 |
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Eye Trauma Center
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Wilmer Eye Institute
@ Johns Hopkins #705 |
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Neurotrauma Center
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STC #735
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Hyperbaric Medical Center
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STC #734
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Hand/Extremity Trauma Center
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Curtis National Hand Center
@ Union Memorial #714 |
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Burn Center
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Bayview
#701 |
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6R's
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Right Patient
Right Medication Right Dose Right Route Right Date Right Documentation |
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Hypoxia ranges. Mild - Severe
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Mild 91-94%
Moderate 86-90% Severe less than 85% |
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Hyperventilate Head trauma @ what rate?
Adult Child Infant |
Adult 20
Child 30 Infant 35 |
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cytokine
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protein produced by a white blood cell that instructs neighboring cells to respond in a genetically preprogrammed fashion.
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cytoplasm
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thick fluid that fills a cell
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cytoskeleton
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structure of protein filaments that support a cell's internal structure.
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cytosol
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clear liquid portion of the cytoplasm in a cell
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cytotoxic
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poisonous to cells
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erythrocyte
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red blood cell
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granulocyte
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white cell with multiple nuclei that has the appearance of a bag of granules
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leukocyte
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white blood cell
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lymphocyte
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a type of leukocyte (white blood cell) that attacks foreign substances as a part of the body's immune response.
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monocyte
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white blood cell with a single nucleus, the largest normal blood cell
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phagocyte
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a cell that has the ability to ingest other cells and substances such as bacteria and cell debris.
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phagocytosis
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ingestion and digestion of bacteria and other substances by phagocytes
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thrombocyte
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blood cell responsible for clotting, also called a platelet.
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atp
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adenosine triphosphate - high energy compound present in all cells especially muscle cells. when split by enzyme action it yields energy. energy is stored in atp.
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rough endoplasmic reticulum
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network of small channels that functions in building of proteins.
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smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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a network of small channels that functions in the synthesis of lipids, some of which are used in the formation of cell membranes and carbohydrates.
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Golgi apparatus
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located near the nucleus usually. performs a variety of functions including synthesis and packaging of secretions such as mucus and enzymes
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mitochondria
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convert essential nutrients into energy. often in the form of atp.
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lysosomes
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contain digestive enzymes. protection against disease and production of nutrients. breaking down bacteria and organic debris that has been taken into the cells and yielding thereby usable substances such as sugars and amino acids.
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perixisomes
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similar to lysosomes. especially abundant in the liver. they absorb and neutralize toxins such as alcohol.
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where does epithelial tissue live?
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it lines internal and external body tissues. examples: skin, lining of intestinal tract, mucous membranes.
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endocrine system
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control system. works closely with nervous system. controls hormones.
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lymphatic system
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bodies defense against disease, helps with filtration and removing waste products of cellular metabolism.
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icf
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intracellular fluid - fluid inside the body cells.
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ecf
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extracellular fluid - fluid outside the cells. comprised of intravascular fluid and interstitial fluid.
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intravascular fluid
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the fluid within the circulatory system. blood plasma.
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interstitial fluid
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fluid in the body tissues that is outside the cells and outside the vascular system
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turgor
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normal tension in a cell. the resistance of the skin to deformation.
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percent of body that is hydrogen
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62
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percent of the body that is oxygen
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26
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percent of the body that is carbon
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10
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percent of the body that is nitrogen
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1.5
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percent of the body that is not H, O, C, N
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0.5
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ion
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is an atom that has lost one or more electrons and has a positive charge as a result.
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anion
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is an atom that has lost one or more protons and has a negative charge as a result.
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NaCl
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sodium chloride - table salt
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H2CO3
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Carbonic Acid.
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electrolytes
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substances that form ions/anions when they break down, or dissociate in water.
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cation
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positively charged ion
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isotonic
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equal in concentration of solute and molecules; solutions may be isotonic to each other.
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hypertonic
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having a greater concentration of solute molecules. one solution may be hypertonic to another.
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hypotonic
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having a lesser concentration of solute molecules. one solution may be hypotonic to another.
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osmotic gradient
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the difference in concentration between solutions on opposite sides of a semipermeable membrane
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diffusion
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the movement of molecules through a membrane from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration.
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bicarbonate
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HCO3-
bicarbonate is the principle buffer of the body. it neutralizes the highly acidic hydrogen ion, etc. |
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phosphate
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HPO4-
Phosphate is important in body energy stores. it is closely associated with magnesium in Renal function. |
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osmosis
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the passage of a solvent such as water through a membrane
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active transport
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movement of a substance though a cell membrane against the osmotic gradient; that is, from an area of lesser to greater concentration. opposite of normal diffusion.
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facilitated diffusion
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diffusion of a substance such as glucose through a cell membrane that requires the assistance of a helper, or carrier protein. also called carrier mediated diffusion
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osmolality
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the concentration of solute per KILOGRAM of water
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osmolarity
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the concentration of solute per LITER of water
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osmotic pressure
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the pressure exerted by the concentration of solutes on one side of a membrane that, if hypertonic, tends to pull water from the other side.
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oncotic force
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a form of osmotic pressure exerted by the large protein particles or colloids, present in blood plasma. in the capillaries, the plasma colloids tend to pull water from the interstitial space across the capillary membrane into the capillary. oncotic force is also called colloid osmotic pressure.
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hydrostatic pressure
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blood pressure or force against a vessel wall created by a heartbeat. hydrostatic pressure tends to force water out of the capillaries into the interstitial space.
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hairy navel
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2 count peach schnapps
2 count vodka balance orange juice serve in a tall glass |
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net filtration
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the total loss of water from blood plasma across the capillary membrane into the interstitial space. normal hydrostatic pressure forcing water out of the capillary is balanced by an oncotic force pulling water into the capillary for a net filtration of 00000000.
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pH
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potential of Hydrogen - a measure of relative acidity or alkalinity. since ph scale is inverse to the concentration of acidic hydrogen ions, the lower the ph, the greater the acidity and higher the ph the greater the alkalinity. a normal ph is from 7.35 - 7.45.
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acidosis
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a high concentration of hydrogen ions. ph below 7.35
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alkalosis
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a low concentration of hydrogen ions. a phy above 7.43.
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what is the ph buffer
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bicarbonate.
HCO3- = bicarbonate ion H2CO3 = carbonic acid |
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inhalation does what to ph?
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lowers the ph
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exhalation does what to ph?
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raises the ph
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sebum
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fatty secretions of the sebaceous gland that helps keep the skin pliable and waterproof.
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dermis
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corium. true skin. the layer of tissue producing the epidermis and housing the structures, blood vessels, and nerves normally associated with the skin.
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sudoriferous glands
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glands within the dermis that secrete sweat
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what are the parts of the hematopoietic system?
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blood, bone marrow, liver, spleen and kidneys.
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what is the hematopoietic system
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body system having to do with the production and development of blood cells, consisting of the bone marrow, liver, spleen, kidneys and bloooooooood.
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pluripotent stem cell
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a cell from which the various types of blood cells can form
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hematopoiesis
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the process through which pluripotent stem cells differentiate into various types of blood cells
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erythropoietin
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the hormone responsible for red blood cell production.
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what color is plasma?
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yellow
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hemoglobin
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oxygen bearing molecule in the red blood cells. it is made up of iron rich red pigment called heme and a protein called globin
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PO2
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partial pressure of oxygen. partial pressure is the pressure exerted by a given component of a gas containing several components
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PCO2
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partial pressure of carbon dioxide.
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2,3-DPG
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2,3 diphosphoglycerate.
chemical in the red blood cells that affects hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen. |
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bohr effect
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phenomenon in which a decrease in PCO2/acidity causes an increase in the quantity of oxygen that binds with the hemoglobin. conversely, an increase in PCO2/acidity causes the hemoglobin to give up a greater quantity of oxygen.
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erythropoiesis
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the process of producing red blood cells
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hemolysis
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destruction of red blood cells
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sequestration
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the trapping of red blood cells by an organ such as the spleen
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hematocrit
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the packed cell volume of red blood cells per unit of blood
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leukocyte
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white blood cell
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chemotaxis
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the movement of white blood cells in response to chemical signals
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phagocytosis
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process in which white blood cells engulf and destroy an invader
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leukopoiesis
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the process through which stem cells differentiate into the white blood cell's immature forms
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3 types of leukocytes
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monocytes, granulocytes, and lymphocytes.
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major basic protein
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a larvacidal peptide
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neutropenia
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a low neutrophil count
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autoimmune disease
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a disease in which the body makes antibodies against its own tissues. that suuuuuuuuuux.
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fibrinolysis
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the process through which plasmin dismantles a blood clot
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thrombosis
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clot formation which is extremely dangerous when it occurs in coronary arteries or cerebral vasculature.
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haversian canals
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small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel into the bone itself
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osteocyte
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bone forming cell found in the bone matrix that helps maintain the bone. microtrauma is gooooooood.
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