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163 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is force protection |
Keeping the forces fighting and healthy through the prevention of disease non battle injury |
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Med force protection hazards |
- physical : lifting ,carrying , noise - chemical :discarded , oils , CBRN -biological :waste disposal, clinical waste |
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Main roles of EH tech |
W - water quality, monitoring and analysis O- Occupational health and safety O- operational field sanitation and waste disposal V- vector and pest control E- environmental monitoring and EIH C- communicable disease prevention and control |
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Definition of Disease Non Battle Injury |
A person who is not a battle casualty , but who is lost to the organisation by reason of disease or injury |
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Categories of DNBI |
- external - internal |
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Examples of external DNBI |
- DNBI Climate -flora and fauna - disease -environmental and industrial hazard |
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Examples of internal DNBI |
-DNBI Disease - premises - food and water -waste - processes |
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2 basic principles of health risk management |
-prevention - control |
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What is a hazard |
Something that has the potential to cause harm |
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What is a risk |
The probability of someone being harmed |
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What is a risk assessment |
-to help commanders and staff to prioritise and allocate resources -evaluate importance of health hazards and to compare risk between different hazards |
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Step 1 of health risk management process |
Hazard identification |
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Step 2 of health risk management process |
Identifying potential population at risk |
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Examples of population at risk |
- friendly forces - locally employed civilians -local civilian population -POW / detainees |
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Step 3 of health risk management process |
Risk assessment |
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Step 4 health risk management process |
Risk management through control measures |
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Step 5 of health risk management |
Monitoring activity |
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Types of audits and surveillance |
-lab reports - FMED 85 -EHT Audits - local med intelligence -specific monitoring |
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Examples of monitoring activity |
- general control - threats and hazards - information training and policy - medical countermeasures and treatment -implementation and effectiveness of control measures |
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Who can contribute to unit risk management |
- all deployed personnel -leaders - trained personnel -medical personnel |
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1st line EH support |
- unit medical staff - combat health advisor -combat health duty personnel |
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2nd line EH support |
- deployed ops EHO/EHP: UKmed group EH team |
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3rd line EH support |
- Army regional command EH team -RAF station environmental tech -RN environmental health officers |
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4th line EH support |
- commander field army medical support branch medicine - RAF centre of aviation medicine - institution of naval medicine - (DMSW ) |
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Roles of CMT in EH support examples |
-policy and procedures -advice and training - monitoring and investigation |
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CHD responsibilities |
- apply and maintain op sanitation -identify and control disease vectors and pests -maintain water supplies |
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Benefits of having CHD personnel |
- water safety -improved sanitation - pro active pest control - self sufficient - maintain operational efficiency - intelligent task of EH team - lower DNBI |
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Constraints of CHD personnel |
- lack of space - logistics - high temp activities - proximity to eating / sleeping areas |
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CHA Responsibilities |
- identify hazards - implement force health protection measures -undertaking threat assessment -advise COC to measures needed to manage risk |
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CHA specific tasks |
- complete tier 1 assessment - management of CHD trained personnel - medical force protection - involvement with overseas training exercise planning |
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Definition of health |
A state of physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease |
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Definition of disease |
Any state that is a departure from positive health , wether that departure is physical or mental |
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Disease impacts on military force |
- man power wastage - unit mission failure - waste limited unit resources |
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Definition of communicable disease |
Transmitted through an infected person , animal or insect either directly or indirectly |
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Definition of non communicable disease |
Diseases that cannot be spread from person to person |
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Causes of communicable disease |
- bacteria - parasites - protazoa -fungi - virus |
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How do organisms get into the body |
- eyes - nose - mouth - open cuts / wounds - injection - genitalia - anus |
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5 potentials sources of disease and the definition |
- contact : human or animal that have been exposed to a disease and may have contracted it - corpse: a dead or decaying human or animal capable of transmitting disease - convalescent: human or animal recovering from disease but may still be infective -carrier: apparent healthy human or animal that harbours potentially pathogenic organism that transmits to others -case: an individual suffering from disease with recognisable signs and symptoms |
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Definition of an outbreak |
- two or more cases of a communicable disease which are linked by time and or space |
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What is a notifiable disease |
Any disease that is required by law to be reported to government authorities |
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Who needs to be sent an FMED85 |
- SO2 health protection defence public health unit HQ JMG -to a proper officer |
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Reasons to investigate an outbreak |
- confirmation of an outbreak - to assess scale of outbreak and extent of the spread -prevent further spread -investigate the origin -lessons to be learnt -fulfil statutory requirement |
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Who is responsible for FMED 85 |
- you and MO |
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When should another FMED85 be completed |
-after confirmation of disease from the lab |
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Four parts of initial investigation |
- preliminary phase -communication - confirm notification -control measures |
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Actions of suspected outbreak |
-collect specimens -conduct camp inspections - conduct interviews with the cases - identify common factors -make preliminary decisions on source -consider continuing public health risk -initiate immediate control measures |
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3 stages of control or limit spread of infection |
- source - route -target |
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Purpose of good waste management |
-minimise risk of disease -prevent water or food contamination -discourage pest vectors -maintain comfort and morale |
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Types of waste |
- urine - soil - Sullage - refuse |
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Types of camps and durations |
- short halt : up to 24 hrs - temporary :24hr to 7 days - semi permanent : 7 days to 6 months - permanent : 6mth+ |
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Temporary halt sanitation appliances |
- shallow trench urinal - shallow trench latrine -improvised grease strainer and soakage pit -refuse / ash pit |
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Semi permanent camp appliances |
- funnel urinal and soakage pit - trough urinal and soakage pit - female urinal and soakage pit - deep trench latrine -receptacle latrine |
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Types of incinerator |
-oil drum - inclined plane - semi enclosed |
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Condisderatuons for site placement |
- location - terrain - access |
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Basic principles of setting out a camp |
-front of camp facing prevailing wind - accommodation at the front -sanitary facilities facing downwind of accommodation -latrines away from kitchens and water resources |
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Types of clinical waste |
- waste unless rendered safe may prove hazardous or cause infections to those who come into contact - human or animal tissue - blood or other bodily fluids - drugs or other pharmaceutical - swabs or dressings - syringes , needles , sharps |
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Methods used for clinical waste |
- bagging - sharps box |
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Safety precautions for risk of clinics waste |
- good personal hygiene - nitrile or vinyl gloves - gloves worn when handling items - change gloves after each task - protective glasses worn - gowns/ aprons and lab coats worn - minimise contact with clinics waste |
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Common airborne diseases |
- common cold - chicken pox - rubella - influenza - meningitis - measles - mumps |
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Modes of spread for airborne disease |
- directly - indirectly - heavybdroplets |
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Control of airborne disease at the source |
- isolation - PPE - private ablutions - good personal hygiene - good area hygiene - treat the illness |
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Control of airborne disease at the route |
-PPE - cleaning - barriers - damp dusting - do not overcrowd rooms - respiratory etiquette |
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Control of airborne disease at target |
- vaccinations - hand washing technique - good personal hygiene - education - avoidance of those contaminated |
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Mode of spread arthropods and definition |
- biological : arthropod bites infected person, absorbs pathogens , bites another person and spreads disease - mechanical: arthropod carried pathogens on outside of the body, leaves it on food and surfaces , person then eats infected things |
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Common arthropod diseases |
- yellow fever - dengue fever - malaria - plague - lymes disease - Zika virus - leishmaniasis |
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Mode of spread for contact disease and definition |
- direct : contracted through direct contact with someone who is infected - indirect : contracted though infected fomites |
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Definition of a fomite |
Inanimate object incapable of transmitting disease |
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Examples of fomites |
- toothbrushes - soap - razors - towels - bedding - water bottles |
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Direct contact disease |
- STD - Q Fever - rabies - scabies |
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Indirect contact disease examples |
- verruca - impertigo - gingivitis - fungal skin infections |
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Control of contact disease at the source |
- isolation - treatment - remove - disposal of corpse - disposal of items |
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Control of contact disease at the route |
- condoms - PPE - avoidance of those infected |
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Control of contact disease at the target |
- education - vaccination - personal hygiene |
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Control of arthropod disease at source |
- isolate - treatment - remove - PPE |
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Control of arthropod disease at route |
- insecticides - pest control |
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Control of arthropod disease at target |
- vaccinations - education - treatment - clothing - PPE |
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What is an environmental industrial hazard |
Defined as including hazardous chemicals other than chemical warfare agents, pathogenic micro organisms other than when used as biological warfare agents |
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Definition of infestation |
Presence of an unusually large number of insects or animals in a place to cause damage or disease |
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Types of hit environment |
- hot dry - hot humid |
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Parameters for wbgt |
- dry air temperature - relative humidity -radiant heat - air velocity |
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Why are the military at risk of climatic injury |
We deploy to all varieties of climates |
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What could a commanders risk assessment include |
- maximum work rate - duration of activity - individual risk factor -casualty response -dress for activity - water intake |
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3 categories of individual risk factors and examples |
Lifestyle - weight , physical fitness , smoking , alcohol intake and drugs Health - previous heat injury , illness , vaccinations , sunburn , medications Work - inexperience, recent air travels , poor nutrition, lack of sleep , unacclimatised |
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Acclimatisation timings |
Partial- 8 days Full - 15 days |
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Methods of reporting climatic injuries |
- single service reporting chains - accident forms - jsp climatic injuries , jsp 539 |
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Purpose of water purification |
- to make it safe to drink to maintain effectiveness |
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Suspended contaminents |
- sediment - sand - sewage -grit - disease organisms |
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Dissolved contamanents |
- heavy metals - chemical or toxic waste - war agents - solvent/ detergent |
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WILDCATSGP |
W- worms I- infective hepatitis L- leptospirosis D- dysentery C- cholera A - ameobic dysentry T -typhoid S -schistosomiasis G- gastroenteritis P- polio |
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2 methods of clarifying water |
- filtration - sediment |
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2 methods of disinfection |
- chemical - physical |
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Why is the contact period upped to 30 mins |
- water below 5 degrees - schistosomiasis threat - no lovi bond test kit |
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What should be done in the event of water contamination |
- switch to bottled water -hard regimes -collect samples for ‘quick silver ‘ -inform EH immediately |
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Sampling frequency and water test daily |
- chlorine testing -monthly - bacteriological testing - quarterly - chemical testing |
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Chemical used for detasting water |
Sodium thiosulphate |
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Principles of water purification |
S - selection of source C- clarification D - disinfection C- contact period T- test period D- detaste |
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Health risk management - 5 things to monitor |
1- threats and hazards 2 -implementation and effectiveness of control measures 3 - general control 4 - information , training and policy 5- medical countermeasures and treatments |
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Health risk management- 5 types of audits and surveillance |
1- FMED 85 2 -EHT audits 3 - local medical intel 4 - specific monitoring 5 - lab reports |
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Control measures to prevent the spread of rabies |
- don’t feed or pet animals - don’t touch dead animals -Waste disposal - pest vector control |
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Control measures to prevent the spread of rabies |
- don’t feed or pet animals - don’t touch dead animals -Waste disposal - pest vector control |
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Why is rabies treated as medical emergency |
It is a fatal disease if not treated immediately |
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Control measures to prevent the spread of rabies |
- don’t feed or pet animals - don’t touch dead animals -Waste disposal - pest vector control |
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Why is rabies treated as medical emergency |
It is a fatal disease if not treated immediately |
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What disease of military significance is found in gymnasiums |
PVL |
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Control measures to prevent the spread of rabies |
- don’t feed or pet animals - don’t touch dead animals -Waste disposal - pest vector control |
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Why is rabies treated as medical emergency |
It is a fatal disease if not treated immediately |
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What disease of military significance is found in gymnasiums |
PVL |
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Definition of a pathogen |
A micro organism that is capable of causing infection to vulnerable individuals |
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Control measures to prevent the spread of rabies |
- don’t feed or pet animals - don’t touch dead animals -Waste disposal - pest vector control |
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Why is rabies treated as medical emergency |
It is a fatal disease if not treated immediately |
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What disease of military significance is found in gymnasiums |
PVL |
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Definition of a pathogen |
A micro organism that is capable of causing infection to vulnerable individuals |
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Ways in which food an water can become contaminated |
- poor food preparation - poor food storage - poor personal hygiene - rodents - poor waste disposal |
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Control measures to prevent the spread of rabies |
- don’t feed or pet animals - don’t touch dead animals -Waste disposal - pest vector control |
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Why is rabies treated as medical emergency |
It is a fatal disease if not treated immediately |
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What disease of military significance is found in gymnasiums |
PVL |
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Definition of a pathogen |
A micro organism that is capable of causing infection to vulnerable individuals |
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Ways in which food an water can become contaminated |
- poor food preparation - poor food storage - poor personal hygiene - rodents - poor waste disposal |
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2 types of localised cold injury |
Frostbite Frost nip |
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Control measures to prevent the spread of rabies |
- don’t feed or pet animals - don’t touch dead animals -Waste disposal - pest vector control |
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Why is rabies treated as medical emergency |
It is a fatal disease if not treated immediately |
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What disease of military significance is found in gymnasiums |
PVL |
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Definition of a pathogen |
A micro organism that is capable of causing infection to vulnerable individuals |
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Ways in which food an water can become contaminated |
- poor food preparation - poor food storage - poor personal hygiene - rodents - poor waste disposal |
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2 types of localised cold injury |
Frostbite Frost nip |
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Anything sweeping the floor can put what in the air |
Q fever |
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Control measures to prevent the spread of rabies |
- don’t feed or pet animals - don’t touch dead animals -Waste disposal - pest vector control |
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Why is rabies treated as medical emergency |
It is a fatal disease if not treated immediately |
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What disease of military significance is found in gymnasiums |
PVL |
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Definition of a pathogen |
A micro organism that is capable of causing infection to vulnerable individuals |
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Ways in which food an water can become contaminated |
- poor food preparation - poor food storage - poor personal hygiene - rodents - poor waste disposal |
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2 types of localised cold injury |
Frostbite Frost nip |
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Anything sweeping the floor can put what in the air |
Q fever |
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Schistosomiasis signs and symptoms |
- abdominal pain -blood in stools - rash |
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Control measures to prevent the spread of rabies |
- don’t feed or pet animals - don’t touch dead animals -Waste disposal - pest vector control |
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Why is rabies treated as medical emergency |
It is a fatal disease if not treated immediately |
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What disease of military significance is found in gymnasiums |
PVL |
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Definition of a pathogen |
A micro organism that is capable of causing infection to vulnerable individuals |
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Ways in which food an water can become contaminated |
- poor food preparation - poor food storage - poor personal hygiene - rodents - poor waste disposal |
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2 types of localised cold injury |
Frostbite Frost nip |
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Anything sweeping the floor can put what in the air |
Q fever |
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Schistosomiasis signs and symptoms |
- abdominal pain -blood in stools - rash |
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3 advantages of incinerating waste |
- reduce bulk -heat reduced can be reused -renders waste harmless |
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Control measures to prevent the spread of rabies |
- don’t feed or pet animals - don’t touch dead animals -Waste disposal - pest vector control |
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Why is rabies treated as medical emergency |
It is a fatal disease if not treated immediately |
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What disease of military significance is found in gymnasiums |
PVL |
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Definition of a pathogen |
A micro organism that is capable of causing infection to vulnerable individuals |
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Ways in which food an water can become contaminated |
- poor food preparation - poor food storage - poor personal hygiene - rodents - poor waste disposal |
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2 types of localised cold injury |
Frostbite Frost nip |
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Anything sweeping the floor can put what in the air |
Q fever |
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Schistosomiasis signs and symptoms |
- abdominal pain -blood in stools - rash |
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3 advantages of incinerating waste |
- reduce bulk -heat reduced can be reused -renders waste harmless |
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3 types of incinerator |
-oil drum incinerator -inclined plane incinerator -semi enclosed incinerator |
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Control measures to prevent the spread of rabies |
- don’t feed or pet animals - don’t touch dead animals -Waste disposal - pest vector control |
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Why is rabies treated as medical emergency |
It is a fatal disease if not treated immediately |
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What disease of military significance is found in gymnasiums |
PVL |
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Definition of a pathogen |
A micro organism that is capable of causing infection to vulnerable individuals |
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Ways in which food an water can become contaminated |
- poor food preparation - poor food storage - poor personal hygiene - rodents - poor waste disposal |
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2 types of localised cold injury |
Frostbite Frost nip |
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Anything sweeping the floor can put what in the air |
Q fever |
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Schistosomiasis signs and symptoms |
- abdominal pain -blood in stools - rash |
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3 advantages of incinerating waste |
- reduce bulk -heat reduced can be reused -renders waste harmless |
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3 types of incinerator |
-oil drum incinerator -inclined plane incinerator -semi enclosed incinerator |
