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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Athsma
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- Adult onset middle age/older usual symptoms--wheezing, productive cough, difficulty breathing - During attack, airway narrowing can be severe/result in airway closure/severe anxiety - Anti-inflammatories and bronchiodilators |
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Pulmonary Emphysema |
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder--changes in alveolar walls/irreversible enlargements of alveolar air spaces - Interferes with breathing/gas exchange - Barrel chest--as progresses can develop circumoral cyanosis, symptoms of right ventricle heart failure - Smoking/irritants--wheezing/rhonchi--drug therapy--high mortality rate |
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Pneumoconiosis |
- Disease caused by long-term mineral-dust inhalation--occupational--common lung disease symptoms, difficulty breathing in - Abestosis--asbestos, fibrous lining of the lungs--anthracosis--black lung--carbon/smoke dust--Silicosis--stone masons/metal grinders--silica (quartz) - Damage irreversible - Try to relieve symptoms |
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Pleurisy (Pleuritis) |
- Inflammation of the pleural membrane--sharp needle-like pain, cough, fever, and chills, breathing shallow/rapid--pain to shoulder/abdomen - Usually secondary to other diseases - Wet or dry --pleural effusion. dry is when fluid is decreased causing friction |
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Pneumothorax |
- Collection of air/gas in pleural cavity that results in a collapsed lung (or partial) - Shortness of breath, sharp chest pain, low BP, fast/weak pulse, possible cyanotic/anxious - Spontaneous of traumatic - Radiographic films - Thoracostomy--remove air/closed drainage system |
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Hemothorax |
- Accumulation of blood/fluid in pleural cavity - Symptoms similar to pneumothorax - Life threatening/requires emergent care-- Blood enters space causing lung to collapse - Radiographic films show fluid - Evacuate blood/remove cause/repair wound |
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Flail Chest |
- Instability in chest wall caused by multiple rib fractures--severe pain and dyspnea, cyanotic, and anxious - Lung expands in during inspiration and out during expiration (backwards)--paradoxical breathing - Emergency may be life-threatening--direct trauma--three or more adjacent ribs - Heal fractures-pain meds, ventillation |
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Pulmonary Tuburculosis |
- (TB) chronic, acute, or subacute lung infection--mycobacterium tuberculosis--spread inhalation--primary tuburculosis asymptomatic--secondary less appetite, chest pain, cough, lethargy, then productive cough, purulent sputum, blood streaking, - Primary lesion (lower lung), antigens cause necrosis--fibrosis--calcification--Mantoux test standard--treated/quarantined --INH treatment |
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Infectious Mononucleosis: Epstein--Barr Virus Infection |
- Glandular fever--acute herpesvirus infection--lymphadenopathy and fever--tonsils may seem coated--mild transient hepatitis/atypical lymphocytes--incubation 5-15 days--transmitted through saliva (kissing)--not highly contagious but lifelong--recovery complete 3-4 months--permanent immunity - Bed rest to prevent complications with liver or spleen--strep may also be present |
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Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome |
- (ARDS) acute lung injury--congestion, acute respiratory distress, hypoxemia--recently experienced trauma--lungs hemorrhagic/wet/boggy/congested/unable to diffuse oxygen--after surgery- Vietnam war--Da Nang Lung--receive oxygen--medical emergency--underlying cause--no cure--correct underlying cause. 60-75% survive with no permanent damage |
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Sarcoidosis |
- Multi-system/granulomatous (small lesions of inflamed cells)--Mild-severe--abnormal lung stiffness, swollen ankles/joint pain, cam also affect skin, chest x-ray or CAT scan - Exact cause not certain--immune? virus? toxins? probably some genetics--biopsy essential - Most people can live normally |
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Lung Cancer (1) |
- Most common cause of cancer death worldwide--30% of cancer deaths--carcinogenic inhalants--increased cell division - Cough is a common symptom--many patients already have COPD with a chronic cough--dull intermittent pain on side of tumor--weight loss is common - Brain is a common site for metastasis |
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Lung Cancer (2) |
- Symptoms of brain metastasis include headache, weakness, dizziness, change in mental status, and seizures.--other sites liver, and bone. -many times asymptomatic lung cancer with abnormal chest radiograph - Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC)-SCLC almost exclusively in smokers-rapid growth and metastasizes early |
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Lung Cancer (3) |
- Cigarette smoking--90%.--many symptomatic at diagnosis--sputum cytologic analysis for malignant cells--biopsy - Early NSCLC surgical resection with or without chemo/rad--lobectomy or pneumonectomy--later stage more than surgery. SCLC systemic chemo/radiation--often relapses within 2 years--prognosis poor--STOP SMOKING TO PREVENT OBVIOUSLY |
