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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Steps for clinical reasoning process
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1. data acquisition
2.Accurate problem representation 3. develop a complete, framed dx diagnosis 4. prioritize the differential diagnosis 5 test your hypotheses 6. review and reprioritize dx diagnosis 7. test your hypotheses |
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Types of hypothesis
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Leading hypothesis, must not miss hypothesis, and alternative hypothesis
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Framed diagnosis types
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anatomic framework, organ/system framework, pathophysiologic framework, Mnemonics
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likelihood ratio
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How the diagnostic test will change the probability the patient has the disease in question.
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primary prevention
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relates to actual disease prevention through education or disease prevention. I.e vaccination, dont eat yellow snow
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Secondary prevention
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Activities that are aimed at detection of a established d/o I.e Screening
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tertiary prevention
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is all about treatment and rehabilitation from a insult or disorder.
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pneumonia is suspected when acute cough is accompanied by
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Vital sign abnormalities ( tachycardia, tachpnea, fever
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in a patient with cough and dyspnea being able to perform the match test rules out what
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COPD
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persistent and chronic cough are usually due to three possible disorders which are
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asthma, GERD, and post nasal drip
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levels of cough
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acute< 3 weeks, persistent 3-8 weeks, chronic > 8 weeks
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Dyspnea can result from?
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increased mechanical effort for breathing
conditions that produce compenstory tachypnea or psychogenic |
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Rapid onset of dyspnea without other symptoms
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pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism and increased left ventricular end diastolic pressure. (LVEDP)
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periodic chest pain that precedes the onset of dyspnea suggests
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myocardial ischemia or pulmonary embolism
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Sensitivity
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The percentage of patients with a disease who have a true-positive
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Specificity
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The percentage of patients without a disease who have a true-negative
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Influenza occurs from _______ to _________ in the northern hemisphere; it is highly unlikely at other times
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December, May
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CAP rarely affects the ---------: consider TB or aspiration pneumonia when upper lobe involvement is seen
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upper lobes
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______ is recommended for all adults aged 15-54 years who have CAP
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HIV testing
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___________ with severe CAP should be screened for adrenal insufficiency and treated if their cortisol response to stimulation is inadequate
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hypotensive patiens
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Previously healthly patients c CAP without abx tx in the last 3 months are usually treated with what?
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Advanced macrolide such as azithromycin or clarithromycin
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In CAP patients with recent tx c Abx or significant comorbidities what is used?
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a respiratory fluoroquinolone or advanced macrolide plus a beta-lactam ( amoxicillin
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several studies suggest that ________ increase the cough reflex and decrease the rate of pneumonia for persons at risk
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ACE inhibitors
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both the abx TMP and pentamidine can cause
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Hyperkalemia
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BNP
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Attempts to fight RAS system is a weak vasodilator increased in PE, MI, CAD
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In PTs c -------, the absence of BM or flatus suggests --------
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Ab pain , bowel obstruction
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In PTs c --- they should be closely monitored when risperidone since it can cause high -----
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DM , blood sugar
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Anion gap
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Sodium - [ cl + Hco ]
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