Diagnostic Procedures

Front 1

Name the 3 ways x-rays are used as diagnostic tests

Back 1

radiography
flouroscopy
tomography

Front 2

Radiography

Back 2

like negatives of photos. X rays go through body and reach film on other side, turning it black. So white on xray = too dense for x-ray to pass through (like bone)

Front 3

How would
air
fat
water
bone
....all look on a radiograph

Back 3

air = blackish
fat = dark grey
water = light grey
bone = whitish

Front 4

Fluoroscopy

Back 4

x-rays used to obtain real time moving images of internal structures
(e.g. cardiac cath)
x-ray tube points at part of body we want moving image of. A continuous x-ray image.

Front 5

Tomogram/computed tomography

Back 5

Computed tomography = CT scan
3d cross sectional views of body structures are obtained.
X-ray tube moves along with film down part of body we want image of.

Front 6

posteroanterior (PA) CXR

Back 6

the conventional CXR. The film is at the patients front.

Front 7

The part of the patient that needs to be studied on an x-ray should be next to the ______

Back 7

Film

Front 8

Anteroposterior (AP) CXR

Back 8

The common view for portable bedside CXR's

Front 9

The normal heart shadow on a CXR is ____ % or less the width of the thorax

Back 9

50%

Front 10

In Heart Failure, on a CXR the heart shadow is enlarged to greater than ____ % the width of the thorax

Back 10

50%

Front 11

The 3 most common abnormalities diagnosed with a CXR are...

Back 11

pneumonia
atelectasis
pneumothorax

Front 12

The most common cause of infectious death in the elderly is _______ .

Back 12

Pneumonia

Front 13

KUB

Back 13

a radiography that focuses on the kidneys, ureter and bladder

Front 14

3 way abdominal radiograph

Back 14

obtained with pt flat, sidelying and upright. Often the first step in assessing for a variety of abdominal probems.

Front 15

barium swallow

Back 15

used for radiographs of the upper GI tract.
Non-water soluble so not absorbed my GI tract.

Front 16

barium swallow can dx. what?

Back 16

esophageal varices
swallow problems (with fluoroscopy)
stomach - tumors, ulcers

Front 17

small bowel series radiographs

Back 17

taken of small bowel as barium swallow passes through

Front 18

the definitive test for gastric/duodenal ulcers

Back 18

endoscopy

Front 19

barium enema

Back 19

radiographic examination of lower colon

Front 20

lower intesntinal problems that can be visualized on barium enema

Back 20

tumor
strictures (narrowing)
polyps (abnormal mucous membrane growth)
diverticula (outcropping pockets)

Front 21

cholangiogram

Back 21

the imaging of the bile duct with xrays, contrast medium is used

Front 22

pyelogram

Back 22

imaging of renal pelvis and ureter with xrays, contrast medium used

Front 23

routine way to detect fractures is ______

Back 23

skeletal radiograph

Front 24

Baseline mammogram should be performed at what age?

Back 24

35-40 yrs old

Front 25

myelogram

Back 25

xray of subarachnoid space of spinal column (air/dye used as contrast medium)

Front 26

4 types of scans that visualize 3d cross sectional views of body

Back 26

CT
MRI
PET
SPECT

Front 27

2 disadvantages of CT scan

Back 27

1. Cost
2. time exposed to radiation

Front 28

MRI advantage and disadvantage (compared with CT, PET, SPECT)

Back 28

no radiation but costs more than CT scan (can't have implanted devices)
great for CNS system observation

Front 29

Advantages/disadvanges to PET and SPECT (over CT & MRI)

Back 29

detail metabolic function rather than structure, require tiny amounts of radioisotopes so minimal exposure
PET=most expensive, not widely available
SPECT=costs same as CT brain scan

Front 30

CT scan looks almost all types of tissue except _____

Back 30

nerves