Dh101: Preclinical Sciences

Front 1

The graphic representation of the condition of the client's teeth observed on a specific date

Back 1

Dental charting

Front 2

The most commonly used forms of dental charting present ____________.

Back 2

anatomic or geometric tooth representations.

Front 3

Inlays can be ________ or _________. (what materials?)

Back 3

porcelain or gold

Front 4

Inlays do or do not cover cusps?

Back 4

do NOT

Front 5

Onlays do or do not cover cusps?

Back 5

DO

Front 6

Where are inlays and onlays made most of the time?

Back 6

In a lab.

Front 7

The most congenitally missing teeth in the mouth are the _______ and _______.

Back 7

maxillary laterals and mandibular first premolars

Front 8

Extra teeth are called _________.

Back 8

Supernumerary

Front 9

The functional unit of tissues that surrounds and supports the tooth is called _________.

Back 9

the periodontium.

Front 10

The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds and attaches the roots of teeth to the alveolar bone is called _________.

Back 10

the periodontal ligament.

Front 11

The periodontal ligament is located where?

Back 11

In the periodontal space between the cementum and the alveolar bone.

Front 12

The periodontal ligaments is composed of _____ & _______.

Back 12

connective tissue cells and intracellular substance.

Front 13

The fibers that are inserted into the cementum on one side and the alveolar bone on the other are called _________.

Back 13

Sharpey's Fibers.

Front 14

In health, the free gingiva is closely __________.

Back 14

adapted to each tooth.

Front 15

Where does the FG attach?

Back 15

Connects with the attached gingiva at the free gingival groove.

Front 16

T/F
The free gingival groove is a shallow linear groove that demarcates the free from the detached gingiva.

Back 16

False

Front 17

The shallow linear groove that demarcates the free from the attached gingiva is called __________.

Back 17

the free gingival groove.

Front 18

Also called the gingival crest, this is the margin of the gingiva, or free margin.

Back 18

Gingival margin

Front 19

The gingival margin is located _______.

Back 19

the edge of the gingiva nearest the incisal or occlusal surface.

Front 20

What does the gingival margin mark?

Back 20

The opening of the gingival sulcus.

Front 21

What marks the opening of the gingival sulcus?

Back 21

The gingival margin.

Front 22

The crevice or groove between the free gingiva and the tooth is called _______

Back 22

the gingival sulcus.

Front 23

Boundaries of the gingival sulcus:
Inner:________
Outer:________
Base:_______

Back 23

Inner: Tooth surface
Outer: Sulcular epithelium
Base: coronal margin of the attached tissues.

Front 24

The base of the sulcus or pocket is also called the "___________"

Back 24

"Probing depth"

Front 25

Gingival Sulcus:
Healthy depth of sulcus is ___ and may be only ___mm.

Average depth of the healthy sulcus is about ___mm.

Back 25

shallow and may only be 0.5 mm

1.8 mm

Front 26

Gingival sulcus fluid (_______fluid, ______ fluid)

Serum-like fluid that seeps from the __________ through the __________ of the ________ or _______.

Back 26

Sulcular fluid, cervicular fluid

connective tissue
epithelial lining
sulcus or pocket

Front 27

The gingival sulcus fluid increases with _______.

Back 27

Inflammation.

Front 28

Cuff-like band of stratified squamous epithelium that is continuous with the sulcular epithelium and completely encircles the tooth.

Back 28

Junctional Epithelium

Front 29

The junctional epithelium is widest at the junction with the _________.

Back 29

sulcular epithelium.

Front 30

The junctional epithelium narrows down to the width of a few cells at the __________.

Back 30

apical end (base of pocket).

Front 31

The junctional epithelium is

keratinized, or non-keratinized?

Back 31

Non-keratinized (not hard)

Front 32

The junctional epithelium provides a ______ at the base of the sulcus.

Back 32

seal

Front 33

As the tooth erupts, the junctional epithelium attachment is __________.

Back 33

on the enamel.

Front 34

During eruption,The junctional epithelium migrates towards the __________.

Back 34

CEJ (cementoenamel junction)

Front 35

At full eruption,The junctional epithelium attachment is on the __________, where it becomes firmly attached.

Back 35

cementum.

Front 36

When does migration of the junctional epithelium along root surface occur?

Back 36

with periodontal infections or occlusal/incisal trauma.

Front 37

Back 37

Front 38

Junctional Epithelium:

Distance between the base of attachment (pocket) and the crest of the alveolar bone is ____-_____mm.

Back 38

1-1.5 mm

Front 39

Junctional Epithelium:

Distance will be maintained in disease;
When a patient loses ______ ______, they will also lose _____.

Back 39

gum attachment
bone

When you start losing one, you lose the other because they tend to stay equal in relation.

Front 40

Gingiva firmly attached to the underlying bone.

Back 40

Attached gingiva.

Front 41

Attached gingiva is continuous with the oral epithelium of the __________ gingiva and is covered with _________________.

Back 41

free gingiva

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Front 42

Attached gingiva:

Maxillary palatal gingiva is continuous with the ____________ __________.

Back 42

palatal mucosa.

Front 43

_________ Junction: division from attached gingiva and moveable alveolar mucosa.

Back 43

Mucogingival Junction

Front 44

Mucogingival Junction Location:

Mandibular:_____________
Maxillary:____________

Back 44

Mandibular: facial and lingual gingiva
Maxillary: facial gingiva, not palatal

Front 45

Moveable tissue loosely attached to the underlying bone is called the _____ _______.

Back 45

Alveolar Mucosa

Front 46

Alveolar Mucosa:

How does the surface look?
Keratinized or Non-keratinized?
Thin or thick epithelium?

Back 46

Smooth and shiny
NONKERATINIZED
thin epithelium

Front 47

Is the alveolar mucosa keratinized or non-keratinized?

(possible test question)

Back 47

NON-KERATINIZED

Front 48

Alveolar Mucosa:

_______ _______ may be seen through the epithelium.

Back 48

Underlying vessels.

Front 49

This gingiva that occupies the interproximal area between 2 adjacent teeth.

Back 49

Interdental Gingiva (Papilla)

Front 50

An interproximal area is also called ________.

Back 50

an embrasure

Front 51

Type 1 Embrasure:

Back 51

the gingival tissue fills the area.

Front 52

Type 2 embrasure:

Back 52

there is a slight to moderate recession of the interdental gingiva.

Front 53

Type 3 embrasure:

Back 53

There is extensive recession or complete loss of the papilla.

Front 54

What type of embrasure is this?

Back 54

Type 3

Front 55

Interdental Gingiva shape:

Varies because of ______ or ______ of the teeth.

Back 55

spacing or overlapping.

Front 56

Interdental Gingiva shape:

Between anterior teeth: ________, ________.

Back 56

pointed, pyramidal.

Front 57

Interdental Gingiva shape:

Between posterior teeth: Flatter than ___________ because of wider teeth, wider _______ , and flattened _______ ________.

Back 57

anterior papillae

contacts

interdental bone.

Front 58

Interdental Gingiva:

The depression between the lingual or palatal and facial papillae that conforms to the proximal contact area.

Back 58

Col

Front 59

The center of the col area is not usually _______ and thus is more susceptible to infection.

Back 59

keratinized

Front 60

Most ________ infection begins in the col area.

Back 60

periodontal

Front 61

Characteristics of clinically healthy gingiva:
(5)

Back 61

Front 62

Gingival tissue discription: Descriptive terminology:
Severity: ____
Distribution:
~Localized: ______
~Generalized:______
~Marginal:_______
~Diffuse:______

Back 62

Front 63

Gingival Tissue Description: Changes in Disease:
-Color change: _______
-Free gingiva: ______ or ______
-Interdental Papillae: ______, _____, _____, ______.
_Festoon (McCall's festoon) (definition on next slide)

Back 63

Front 64

An enlargement of the marginal gingiva with the formation of a lifesaver-like gingival prominence.

Frequently, the total gingiva is very narrow, with associated apparent recession.

Back 64

Festoon (McCall's festoon)

Front 65

Interdental Gingiva: Changes in disease:
2 Types of clefts:
1. ____ A localized recession may be V-shaped or form a slit-like indentation.

Back 65

"Stillman's cleft"

Front 66

2. _____ cleft: created by incorrect floss positioning. Appears as a vertical linear or V-shaped fissure in the marginal gingiva.

Back 66

Floss cleft

Front 67

Interdental Papilla descriptions

Back 67

Front 68

Cleft descriptions

Back 68

Front 69

Probe Depth: Probe Design
Working end?
Cross section shape?
Calibrated with ____ marking.
Working end and shank meet in defined angle that is usually greater than ______ degrees.

Back 69

Blunt, rod-shaped working end
Circular or rectangular
mm
90 degrees

Front 70

Probe depth functions:
(9)

Back 70

Front 71

Probe Depth: Manual Probes:
Can be made of what?
What shape is working end?

Back 71

Stainless steel or plastic
Straight or curved.

Front 72

Paired furcation probes have a smooth, rounded end for investigation of the topography and anatomy around ________________.

Ex of probe used __________

Back 72

roots in furca

Nabers

Front 73

Back 73

Front 74

Probe depth: Periodontal Pocket:

Tooth is surrounded by a sulcus: The distance from the __________ margin to the coronal-most part of the ___________ epithelium.

Back 74

gingival margin

junctional epithelium

Front 75

Probe depth: Periodontal Pocket

Healthy sulcus is generally accepted: ___-___ mm.

Back 75

1-3

Front 76

Pocket Characteristics:

Measured from _________(top of the attached periodontal tissue) to the ________.

Back 76

base of the pocket to the gingival margin.

Front 77

Pocket Characteristics:

Measurement: over ___mm = not considered health or normal.

Back 77

3

Front 78

Pocket Characteristics:

__________: where periodontal infections begin frequently. Probe needs to be placed in the ____ region for accurate measurement.

Back 78

Col or contact area

col

Front 79

Pocket Characteristics:

Anatomic features influence: ____(4)____

Back 79

concavities
anomalies
furcation
involvement

Front 80

Probing Depth Measurement:
Which 6 areas per tooth?
One reading per area-if depths vary, which one do you take?
MM measurements; do we round UP or DOWN?

Back 80

DF, F, MF, DL, L, ML

DEEPEST

UP

Front 81

The distance in mm from the gingival margin to the base of the sulcus or periodontal pocket as measured with a calibrated probe is defined as _________.

Back 81

Probing Depth

Front 82

Measurement areas for 6 areas per tooth

Back 82

Front 83

Once a probe is inserted into a perio pocket, the working-end is kept _________.

Back 83

parallel to the root surface.

Front 84

Should you use pressure with a probing stroke?

Back 84

NO

Front 85

Probe insertion:
_______ slide the probe under the gingival margin.

Healthy or firm fibrotic tissue makes insertion more difficult because gingival fibers are _______.

Back 85

GENTLY

Strong and tight.

Front 86

Insertion easy when the gingival margin is loose and flabby due to __________.

______ can be expected.

Back 86

destruction of underlying gingival fibers.

BOP (bleeding on probing)

Front 87

Circumferential Probing: Walking stroke:
Is it necessary to remove probe and reinsert to make readings?

Back 87

NO

Front 88

Circumferential Probing: Walking stroke:

Slide probe up about ____mm and back down again to base of attachment.

Back 88

1-2 mm

Front 89

Circumferential Probing: Walking stroke:

Should cover how much of the circumference of the sulcus or pocket base?

Back 89

the entire

Front 90

Circumferential Probing: Walking stroke:

Is the junctional epithelium at a uniform depth from the gingival margin?

Back 90

not necessarily

Front 91

__________ are a series of bobbing strokes made within the sulcus or pocket.

Back 91

Walking strokes

Front 92

Recession & Hyperplasia

Normal gingiva position: at the level of, or slightly below, the ________ or prominence of the _________ of a tooth.

Back 92

enamel contour

cervical third

Front 93

Recession & Hyperplasia-Changes in Disease

Enlargement: gingival margin may be _________.

Back 93

high on the enamel, partly or nearly covering the tooth.

Front 94

Recession & Hyperplasia-Changes in Disease

Recession: _____.
Measured from ____.

Back 94

the exposure of the root surface. Measured from the gingival margin to CEJ.

Front 95

Space apical to root trunk between 2+ roots is called _________.

Back 95

Furcation

Front 96

Area of multi-rooted tooth from CEJ to entrance of the furcation is termed ________

Back 96

Root trunk.

Front 97

Entrance to a furcation may be as little as ___-___ mm apical to the CEJ.

Back 97

3-4 mm

Front 98

Health furcation cannot be felt or detected because it is _____________.

Back 98

Filled with alveolar bone and PDL fibers.

Front 99

Furcation anatomic features:
Teeth with 2 roots are labeled ________
Teeth with 3 roots are labeled ________

Back 99

Bifurcation
Trifurcation

Front 100

Furcation involvement:
Loss of ______ and ______ fibers in the space between the roots of a multi-rooted tooth.

Back 100

bone and PDL fibers

Front 101

Furcation involvement:
May be hidden _______.
May be visible if _______ is present.
Use of furcation probe (_________): to examine furcation's.

Back 101

under gingival tissues
recession.

NABERS

Front 102

Mandibular molars:
How many roots?
Where are the furcations?

Back 102

2 roots with furcations on the facial and lingual surfaces between the mesial and distal roots.

Front 103

Maxillary first premolars:
Ones that are bifurcated have a ___ and ____ root.
When bifurcated, the roots separate many mm apical to the ______.

Back 103

buccal and palatal root.

CEJ

Front 104

Maxillary Molars:
How many roots?
Which roots?

Back 104

usually trifurcated (3 roots)

MB, DB, and palatal (lingual) roots.

(Photo is Buccal view.)

Front 105

Maxillary molars:
On the mesial surface, the furcation is located more toward the ______ surface.
On the distal surface, the furcation is located near ________.

Back 105

lingual

center

Front 106

Furcation Probes:

N2 is used for assessment of ______ and ______ furcation areas.

Back 106

facial and lingual

Front 107

Furcation Probes:

N1 is used for assessment of ____ and ______ furcation areas.

Back 107

mesial and distal

Front 108

Back 108

Class I furcation

Front 109

Back 109

Class II Furcation

Front 110

Back 110

Class III Furcation

Front 111

Back 111

Class IV Furcation

Front 112

CAL (clinical attachment level):

What position does the CAL refer to?

Back 112

The position of the periodontal attached tissues at the base of a sulcus or pocket.

Front 113

CAL (clinical attachment level):

Why is this a useful tool?

Back 113

Because measurements are made from a fixed point that doesn't change -- the CEJ.

Front 114

CAL (clinical attachment level):

Probing depth is measured from a ________ point (the crest of the free gingiva) to the ______.

Back 114

changeable
attachment

Changes due to tissue swelling, overgrowth, and tissue recession.

Front 115

CAL (clinical attachment level):

Provides an estimate of a tooth's _____ and the loss of _______.

Back 115

stability

bone support.

(probably on quiz)

Front 116

CAL (clinical attachment level):

When recession of the gingival margin is present, the CAL is calculated by ________ the probing depth to the gingival margin level.

Back 116

ADDING

Front 117

CAL (clinical attachment level):

When the gingival margin is excessive to the CEJ, the CAL is calculated by ________ the gingival margin level from the probing depth.

Back 117

SUBTRACTING

Front 118

CAL (clinical attachment level):
When the gingival margin is slightly coronal to the CEJ, no calculations are needed since the probing depth and the clinical attachment level are ______.

Back 118

Equal.

Front 119

Back 119

Front 120

Bleeding:

Signs of health: _____
Changes in disease: _____

Back 120

no BOP

Spontaneous or bleeding on probing.

Front 121

Exudate:
Signs of health: ______
Changes in disease: (2)

Back 121

none

increased gingival sulcus fluid and presence of exudate.

Front 122

Mobility:
Because of the function of the PDL, teeth have a slight _______ mobility.

Back 122

Normal

Front 123

Mobility:
Can be considered abnormal or pathologic when it ________ normal.

Back 123

EXCEEDS

Front 124

Mobility:
Increased mobility can mean (2)

Back 124

perio infection

trauma from occlusion

Front 125

Mobility Examination:

What can interfere with eval of true tooth movement?

What fixes this?

Back 125

motion of head, lips, or cheek.

Stabilization of head against headrest

Front 126

Mobility Examination:

What type of instruments do you use?
What are not recommended? Why?

Back 126

2 ended METAL instruments

wooden tongue depressors, plastic mirror handles, fingers are not recommended bc of their flexibility.

Front 127

Mobility Examination:

_________ prevent slipping of the instruments or finger.

Back 127

dry teeth

Front 128

Mobility Examination:

How do we test horizontal mobility?

Back 128

Apply the blunt ends of the instruments to opposite sides of a tooth, and then rock the tooth to test.

Front 129

Mobility Examination:

How do we test vertical mobility? (depression of a tooth into its socket)

Back 129

By applying pressure with one of the mirror handles on the occlusal or incisal surface.

Front 130

Mobility Examination: Record degree of movement

Normal, physiologic

Back 130

N

Front 131

Mobility Examination: Record degree of movement

slight mobility, greater than normal

Back 131

1

Front 132

Mobility Examination: Record degree of movement

moderate mobility, greater than 1 mm displacement

Back 132

2

Front 133

Mobility Examination: Record degree of movement

severe mobility, may move in all directions (vert and horiz)

Back 133

3

Front 134

Radiographic findings (5)

Back 134

Front 135

You can ID causative factors of perio disease on an x-ray such as (2)

Back 135

calculus, bone loss

Front 136

Limitations of radiographic assessment when ID'ing perio disease factors.

(3)

Back 136

Soft tissue changes cannot be seen on an x-ray.

Not all perio defects can be seen.

2D picture of 3D object.

Front 137

PA and Vertical BWs are better at seeing _______.

Back 137

Bone levels in bone loss.

Front 138

Periodontal Classification:

Case Type I:

Back 138

Gingivitis
(Generalized 2-3 mm, localized 4mm)
No clinical attachment loss (CAL)

Front 139

Periodontal Classification:

Class Type II:

Back 139

Early Periodontitis
(Generalized 3-4mm/Heavy Calc)

Front 140

Periodontal Classification:

Class Type III

Back 140

Moderate Periodontitis
(Generalized 4-5 mm, localized 6 mm)

Front 141

Periodontal Classification:

Class Type IV

Back 141

Advanced Periodontitis
(Generalized 6+ mm)

Front 142

Periodontal Classification:

Case Type V

Back 142

Aggressive/Refractory Periodontitis

Front 143

true or false
relation bt crest of alveolar bone and JE is always maintained

Back 143

True
when pt loses gum attachment they will also lose bone