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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The 5 layers (from top to bottom) of the epidermis |
1. stratum corneum 2. stratum lucidum (only on hands & feet) 3. stratum granulosum 4. stratum spinosum 5. stratum basale |
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The rupture point that causes "tense," difficult to rupture blisters |
hemidesmosomes (between epidermis and dermis) |
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A disease characterized by pruritic red plaques and tense bullae. Caused by IgG and complement attacking hemidesmosomes. |
Bullous pemphigoid |
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A disease characterized by flaccid bullae, painful lesions, and mucous membrane symptoms. Caused by IgG and complement attacking desmosomes. |
Pemphigus vulgaris |
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The treatment for pemphigus vulgaris |
Systemic steroids. Does not respond to topical steroids. |
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A disease characterized by intensely pruritic bullae on extensor surfaces and lower back. Caused by IgA & neutrophil reaction to epidermal transglutaminase 3. Often associated with celiac disease. |
Dermatitis herpetiformis |
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The embryological origin of melanocytes |
neural crest cells |
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Melanin is derived from what amino acid? |
tyrasine |
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The pathophysiological cause of albinism |
Defect in tyrasine metabolism, resulting in no (or low) melanin production. (Normal amount of melanocytes are present.) |
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The pathophysiological cause of vitiligo |
Autoimmune destruction of melanocytes |
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A disease that causes hyperpigmentation, usually in the face. |
Melasma |
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A discolored spot on the skin, without elevation or depression. Less than 5 mm. |
macule |
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A discolored spot on the skin, without elevation or depression. More than 5mm. |
patch |
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A solid elevation of skin, less than 5mm. |
papule |
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A solid elevation of skin, more than 5mm. |
plaque |
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A solid elevation of skin, deeper than it is wide. |
nodule |
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A circumscribed, evanescent papule of plaque of edema of the skin. Usually some redness. Tend to be transient. |
wheal |
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A fluid-filled elevation of skin. Less than 5mm. |
vesicle |
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Blisters. Fluid-filled elevation of skin greater than 5mm. |
bullae |
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A pus-filled elevation of skin less than 5mm. |
pustule |
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An abnormal sac in the skin containing fluid material with a membranous lining |
cyst |
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Thickening and duration of the skin |
sclerosis |
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The larger version of petechiae |
purpura |
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A skin finding caused by blood vessel dilation |
telangiectasia |
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accentuation of skin markings due to chronic scratching |
lichenification |
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another term for grouped lesions |
herpetiform |
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The two other terms used to describe round lesions |
nummular & discoid |
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The term for ring-shaped lesions |
annular |
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Tear-drop like lesion distribution |
guttate |
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Lesions developed at site of trauma |
koebnerized |
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A lace like pattern (patch) on the skin |
reticulate |
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The two terms used to describe thin, discolored borders of a lesion |
serpiginous/gyrate |
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A warty distribution of a lesion |
verrucus |
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A distribution location in areas of friction |
intertriginous |
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A distribution of lesions along a cutaneous nerve distribution |
dermatomal / zosteriform |
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A distribution of lesions along embryonic cell migration lines |
Blaschko's lines |
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a distribution of lesions along the fingerprints |
dermatoglyphics |
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The term for non-inflammatory acne |
comedo |
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The more severe form of inflammatory acne |
nodulocystic acne vulgaris |
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The mechanism of action of topical retinoids on acne |
1. normalize follicular desquamation 2. reduce inflammatory response |
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The mechanisms of action (4) of oral isotretinoin on acne |
1. reduce sebum production 2. normalize follicular desquamation 3. indirectly reduce P. acnes 4. reduce inflammation |
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The mechanism of action of hormones in treating acne |
1. reduce sebum production 2. normalize follicular desquamation |
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The two topical antibiotics currently used to treat acne |
1. clindamycin 2. benzoyl peroxide |
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The two key oral antibiotics used to treat acne |
1. tetracycline 2. bactrim |
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The 2 key side effects of doxycycline |
1. yellowing of teeth 2. sun sensitivity |
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The key antiandrogen used to treat acne |
spironolactone |
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The 5 key toxicities of isotretinoin (acutane) |
1. teratogenic 2. mucosal dryness 3. severe headaches 4. liver enzyme elevation 5. blood count abnormalities |
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The pathophysiology of rosacea |
idiopathic vascular hypersensitivity |
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The medication used to treat acne lesions in rosacea |
topical metronidazole |
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The 3 key inflammatory proteins inhibited by corticosteroids |
1. NF-kB 2. TNF-alpha 3. cyclooxygenase |
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The most protent delivery form for topical corticosteroids |
ointment |
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The key side effect of topical corticosteroids |
skin atrophy |
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A benign skin growth that is essentially a large freckle |
solar lentigo |
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The technical term for moles |
melanocytic nevus |
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The technical term for age spots |
seborrheic keratosis |
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The cause of color change in seborrheic keratosis |
thickened skin (does not have to do with melanocytes) |
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The technical term for warts |
verruca vulgaris |
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A viral skin infection commonly seen in kids |
molluscum contagiosum |
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The two etiologies of mollescum contagiosum in adults |
1. sexual contact 2. immunosuppression |
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Completely benign overgrowths of neural tissue on the skin |
neurofibroma |
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The form of scar that occurs when collagen proliferates past the area of trauma |
keloid |
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The most common kind of skin cancer |
basal cell carcinoma |
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The most common cause of skin cancer death |
melanoma |
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The classic appearance of basal cell carcinoma |
shiny papule/plaque with rolled borders. (With or without pigment.) |
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The classic appearance of squamous cell carcinoma |
unpigmented nodule with central scaling |
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An infection of the skin caused by superficial fungi in the epidermis |
tinea (dermatophytosis) |
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A tinea infection of the nails. A deeper form of dermatophytosis. |
tinea unguium (onychomycosis) |
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A disease caused by overgrowth of commensal skin yeast (malassezia), resulting in a fine, powdery scale. |
tinea versicolor (pityriasis versicolor) |
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A common, acute, self-limited papulosquamous eruption that results in pink lesions with fine scale. Usually has one larger, annual lesion followed by many smaller lesions. |
pityriasis rosea |
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The treatment for pityriasis rosea |
Usually nothing, potentially with steroids to reduce itching. (Rash is self-limiting.) Narrow-band UVB and erythromycin can be used in severe cases. |
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A reaction of helper T cells along the basal layer of the epidermis. Presents with a papulosquamous eruption. Usually purple & pruritic. |
lichen planus |
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The technical term for dandruff - although involvement can occur over the entire body. Associated with parkinson's, HIV, diabetes, epilepsy. Caused by fungus & immune reaction. |
seborrheic dermatitis |
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A neoplastic papulosquamous disease progress |
cutaneous T cell lymphoma |
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The major common finding in different types of eczematous dermatitis |
spongiotic dermatitis |
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The most common, childhood form of eczema |
atopic dermatitis |
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The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis |
Th2 inflammatory response with IgE. Results in suppressed cell-mediated immunity. |
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An extremely pruritic condition that presents with "tapioca pudding" vesicles on the palms. Commonly seen in adults. Can be from atopic dermatitis, allergic dermatitis, or tinea pedis. |
dyshidroic dermatitis |
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eczematous eruption of the legs that occurs due to venous hypertension |
stasis dermatitis |
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A chronic eczematous dermatitis that results from excessive scratching |
lichen simplex chronichus |
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A condition presenting with short-lived pruritic wheals & angioedema. Caused by mast cell degranulation. Can be caused by medications (e.g. NSAIDs), infection, or autoimmune processes. |
urticaria |
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A condition characterized by abrupt eruption of target-colored papular lesions. Characteristic involvement of palms. Primarily caused by infection (especially HSV-1, HSV-2). |
erythema multiforme |
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Disease characterized by dusky, flat lesions with epidermal detachment. Mucosal involvement. Distribution: face and trunk. Associated with fever, URI, and pain. Can be very severe. Caused by medication. |
stevens-johnson syndrome / toxic epidermal necrosis (TEN) (spectrum between the two, based on degree of severity / area of involvement) |
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The four drugs associated with TEN |
1. sulfonamides 2. NSAIDs 3. anticonvulsants 4. aminopenicillins |
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A type of condition characterized by lipid-laden histiocytes in the dermis or tendons. Associated with hypercholesterolemia. |
xanthoma |
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A condition with vascular proliferation of the skin. Associated with AIDS / immunosuppression. Caused by infection with HHV-8. |
Kaposi's sarcoma |
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A condition caused by inflammation of subcutaneous fat. Usually found on shins. Can be caused by meds (e.g. OCP), pregnancy, strep, autoimmune disease. |
erythema nodosum |
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A disease characterized by "velvety", hyperpigmented plaques due to thickening of skin. Associated with DM, obesity, meds, and (rarely) malignancy. Note: malignancy should be suspected if rapid onset or palmar distribution. |
acanthosis nigricans |
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Key characteristics of psoriasis |
1. defined borders 2. erythematous 3. scale (also tends to be symmetric) |
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The typical age of onset of type I psoriasis |
20-30 years of age |
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The HLA haplotype associated with pustular psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis |
HLA B27 |
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The two chromosomes that can carry psoriasis-associated genes |
6 & 17q |
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The immune cell type associated with psoriasis |
T cells (CD4+ and CD8+) |
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The key cytokines associates with psoriasis |
1. TNF alpha 2. IL-17 3. IL-23 |
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The pinpoint bleeding sign that was historically used to diagnose psoriasis |
auspitz's sign |
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A type of psoriasis that occurs in skin folds without scale |
inverse psoriasis |
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A type of psoriasis that classically erupts after strep infection |
guttate psoriasis |
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A form of psoriasis that is a medical emergency due to infection and hypothermia risk. Typically treated in burn unit. |
psoriatic erythroderma |
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The topical second line therapies usually combined with corticosteroids to treat psoriasis |
1. vitamin D analogues 2. tazarotene 3. salicylic acid |
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The oral agent used in conjunction with phototherapy to treat psoriasis. Particularly effective for pustular psoriasis. |
acitretin |
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The gold standard oral agent for psoriasis treatment. Addresses skin and psoriatic arthritis. Can not be used if patient is on sulfa antibiotic. |
methotrexate |
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A nephrotoxic oral agent that rapidly clears psoriasis, but can not be used for chronic treatment. |
cyclosporine |
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The treatment given for dermatitis herpetiformis |
dapsone |
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The autoimmune bullous disease mediated by IgA & neutrophils. Typically along extensor distribution. Treated with dapsone. |
dermatitis herpetiformis |
