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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anthropology |
it is the study of humans, diversity, culture language, materials, commonalities and biological.
Past and Present the studies include: Biological, Archaelogy, Cultural, Linguistic |
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Cultural Anthopology |
the study of culture and communication |
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Culture |
is a system of meaning:
shared and negotiated Knowledge learned and practiced, it generates behavior interpreted by experience |
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Evolutionism |
a theory of cultural change popular in 19th century. Savages-barbarians-civilization Armchair theory- |
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20th century |
Cultural relativity critics of 19th century theories inuit groups 1880's showed how they developed high complex ways of living and interpertating harsh landscape |
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Franz Boas |
Cultural relativity language in understanding landscape needs similarities, unique environment culture unique history, too complex to compare to others understanding is experiencing |
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Malinowski |
living long-term w/ foreign people, non-western ethnography grab the peoples point of view systematic of practicing and writing ethnography |
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ethnographic methods |
gain access, physical displacement, immersion into culture (culture shock), observe activities and events, take field notes, record data, find a role in the community, engage in conversation, establish trust and do interviews, gain informants, live the daily life |
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Cultural Relativity |
created by Franz Boas, each society of culture must be understood on it's own terms. |
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Ethnocentrism |
viewing the world from one's own experience. |
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Holism |
perspective emphasizing whole rather than just parts. Related to comparetivism. |
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Comparetivism |
study of similarities and differences between and among human beings biological and cultural complexities. |
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Participant Observation |
Fieldwork long-term participation and documentation within society, community, or group. involved with daily activities interview people about events, interaction, cultural themes. share environment, issues, language,rituals, social relationships learn to understand culture by socialization. |
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Cultural Reproduction |
reproduce socially aultural Cquired knowledge that we use to live in the world. Reproduce, change and add. |
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Cultural Adaptation |
human relationships with environment mediated with biological process evolution and culture. knowledge gained from experience of environments used to survive. |
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Subsistence |
historical development, hard to pin one culture as one or another. make a living through methods and technologies forging food, use of land, resources, labor and energy. Some aspects of culture only occur with this, strategies go with historical phrases in human development, globalization can make these strategies mix. |
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Foraging/hunting-gathering |
a subsistence gathering plants for food of hunting animal dependent on nature.
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Cross-cultural patterns |
dependence, seasonal movements, resources scare diverse food, well balanced nutrients knowledge of environment low population belongings carried relocation constant, egalitarianism (sharing of food) |
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Horticulture |
small-scale cultivation of plants for food. pastoralism (herding) less common, usually develops into agriculture, simple technology, specific land, property distributed, small settlements, large families central organizaing principle social and economic life. |
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Kinship |
connections between people: blood marriage or adoption: consanguine: biological relative affine: relative through marriage ficitive kin: treated as a relative through adoption, relationship, ethnographer |
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Anthropological Terms for Kin |
consanguine: M=mother, f=father, s=son, d=daughter, b=brother, z=sister, o=older, y=younger
Affine: w=wife, h=husband
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Anthropological Symbols for Kin |
ego=self, circle=female, triangle= male, | =offspring, = = marriage or union, |-| = sibling, x=death, =/= = divorce, ~ =cohabition, - =sexual |
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Descent |
assignment of relatedness traced through common ancestry. bilateral- both sides of family are recognized unilineal related to one side of the family |
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Matrilineal Descent |
kin through mother |
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Patrilineal descent |
kin through father |
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Kin relatioships |
prescribed behavioral norms, Joking - open food natured, teasing, intimacy, sexual jokes Avoidance- mutual politness, respect, not speaking directly at times |
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Marriage |
People marry because: stable bond or union socially recognized relationship new kinship relationships children lines of inheritance invovles certain behaviors. |
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Rules of Marriage and living |
Endogamy- inside kin group Exogamy- outside kin group Matrilocal- live with wifes kin Parilocal- live with husbands kin
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Types of Marriage |
Monogamy one husband and wife Poligamy plural marriage polygyny- one husband many wives polyandry one wife many husbands |
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Social Organizations |
human behavior reflects, shapes cultural realivity. abstract rules determine proper and improper behavior. actions, behaviors, thoughts, meanings are assumed to be natural, culture shapes action. |
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Political Organizations |
plans, actions, organizes and decisions based on procedures. roles with associated expectations responsibilities difference, ways to solving problems, meeting needs, cohesion and survival. |
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Band |
small group, foragers, decision making culture loosley organized, kinship=structure leaders authority based on authority. Nomadic or semi |
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Tribes |
sendentary or semi, formal organization procedures. difference degrees of egarliterianism social. concil headman selected formal ways. associations unite people, trade, resolve conflict.
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Conflict |
differ causes, settling of disputes, expressing disagreement while avoiding conflict, sanctions for behavior, reestablishing peace |
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Conflict- stateless |
jeaousy, sexual, veneange, property: theft stingines rights to land and resources |
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Warfare |
armed aggression, organized fighting, specified enemies, death, intent of injury stateless- revenge, not economic or expanision of land, voluntary |
