Cs201 Exam 1

Front 1

program

Back 1

set of instructions that a computer follows to complete a task (software)

Front 2

programmer

Back 2

person who can design, create and test computer programs (software developer)

Front 3

hardware

Back 3

the physical devices that make up a computer

Front 4

central processing unit (CPU)

Back 4

the part of the computer that actually runs programs

most important component
without it cannot run programs
used to be a huge device

Front 5

microprocessors

Back 5

CPUs located on small chips

Front 6

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

Back 6

arithmetic operations and logical operations

Front 7

control unit

Back 7

supervises activities of hardware, oversees instruction hardware

Front 8

main memory (Random Access Memory)

Back 8

where computer stores a program while program is running, and data used by the program

divided into many memory locations, locations have a unique address
data and instructions are stored in one or more consecutive memory locations
random: information is found by address

Front 9

volatile memory:

Back 9

contents are erased when computer is turned off

Front 10

secondary storage

Back 10

can hold data for long periods of time
flash memory, disk drive

Front 11

input

Back 11

data the computer collects from other devices or people

Front 12

output

Back 12

data produced by the computer for other people or devices

Front 13

output device

Back 13

formats and presents output. i.e. printer

Front 14

application software

Back 14

programs that make computer useful for everyday tasks

Front 15

system software

Back 15

programs that control and manage basic operations of a computer

Front 16

assembly language

Back 16

uses short words (mnemonics) for instructions instead of binary numbers

Front 17

assembler

Back 17

translates assembly language to machine language for execution by CPU

Front 18

low-level language

Back 18

close in nature to machine language i.e. assembly language

Front 19

high-level language

Back 19

allows simple creation of powerful and complex programs, closer to english, i.e. python

Front 20

key words

Back 20

predefined words used to write program in high-level language

each word has a specific meaning

Front 21

operators

Back 21

perform operations on data

Front 22

syntax

Back 22

set of rules to be followed when writing programs

Front 23

statement

Back 23

individual instruction used in high-level language

Front 24

compiler

Back 24

translates high-level language program into separate machine-language program

Front 25

interpreter

Back 25

translates and executes instructions in high-level language program
-used by python language
-interprets one instruction at a time

Front 26

source code

Back 26

statements written by programmer

Front 27

syntax error

Back 27

prevents code from being translated

Front 28

program development cycle:

Back 28

design the program
write the code
correct syntax errors
test the program
correct logic errors

Front 29

algorithm

Back 29

set of well-defined logical steps that must be taken to perform a task; step-by-step procedure for solving a problem

-done in a finite amount of time
-done with a finite amount of data
-clear and unambiguous

Front 30

structured algorithm

Back 30

one broken down into cohesive tasks

Front 31

pseudocode

Back 31

informal language that has no syntax rule
not meant to be compiled of executed
used to create model program

Front 32

flowchart

Back 32

diagram that graphically depicts the steps in a program

Front 33

sequential operations

Back 33

instructions are executed in order

Front 34

conditional operations

Back 34

"question asking" operations-a control structure that asks a true/false question and then selects the next instruction based on the answer

Front 35

iterative operations (loops)

Back 35

a control structure that repeats the execution of a block of instructions

Front 36

IDLE

Back 36

Integrated development program
single program that provides tools to write, execute and test a program

Front 37

semantic errors

Back 37

programming structure is valid, but logic is not. program will run but output will not be correct

Front 38

function

Back 38

piece of prewritten code that performs an operation;
group of statements within a program that perform a specific task

Front 39

print function:

Back 39

displays output on the screen

Front 40

argument

Back 40

data given to a function; piece of data that is sent into a function (sometimes referred to as the actual parameter)

Front 41

string

Back 41

sequence of characters that is used as data

Front 42

string literal

Back 42

string that appears in actual code of a program

Front 43

comment

Back 43

starts with the symbol # and extends to the end of the line. Ignored by Python interpreter; intended for a person reading the program's code

Front 44

documentation string:

Back 44

a 'triple quoted' string at the beginning of a program

Front 45

variable

Back 45

name that represents a value stored in the computer memory

Front 46

variable naming rules

Back 46

cannot contain spaces
first character must be a letter or an underscore
after first character may use letters, digits, or underscores
case sensitive

Front 47

assignment operation

Back 47

=

Front 48

namespace

Back 48

the table that contains the association of a name with a value

Front 49

data types

Back 49

categorize value in memory

Front 50

numeric literal

Back 50

number written in a program
no decimal point-int
decimal-float

Front 51

math operator

Back 51

tool for performing calculation

Front 52

operands

Back 52

values surrounding operator

Front 53

exponent operator

Back 53

** raises a number to a power

Front 54

remainder operator

Back 54

% performs division and returns the remainder

Front 55

byte

Back 55

just enough memory to store letter or small number
8 bits

Front 56

bit

Back 56

electrical component that can hold positive or negative charge, like on/off switch
represents two values

Front 57

digital

Back 57

describes any device that stores data as binary numbers

Front 58

modularized program

Back 58

program wherein each task within the program is in its own function

Front 59

top-down design

Back 59

technique for breaking the algorithm into functions

Front 60

function naming rules

Back 60

cannot use key words
cannot contain spaces
first character must be a letter or underscore
all other characters must be a letter, number or underscore
case sensitive

Front 61

function definition

Back 61

specifies what a function does

Front 62

function header

Back 62

first line of function
keyword def and function name followed by parentheses and colon

Front 63

block

Back 63

set of statements that belong together as a group

Front 64

main function

Back 64

called when the program starts

Front 65

local variable

Back 65

variable that is assigned a value inside a function

Front 66

scope

Back 66

the part of a program in which a variable may be accessed

Front 67

global variable

Back 67

created by assignment statement written outside all the functions

Front 68

global constant

Back 68

global name that references a value that cannot be changed

Front 69

design structure

Back 69

specific actions performed only if a condition exists

Front 70

boolean expression

Back 70

expression tested by if statement to determine if it is true or false

Front 71

relational operator

Back 71

determines whether a specific relationship exists between two values

Front 72

dual alternative decision structure

Back 72

two possible paths of execution
if-else statement
one is taken if the condition is true, and the other if the condition is false

Front 73

if-elif-else statement

Back 73

special version of a decision structure

Front 74

logical operators

Back 74

operators that can be used to create complex Boolean expressions
and: both must be true
or: one must be true
not: reverses the truth of its Boolean operand

Front 75

Boolean variable

Back 75

references one of two values, True of False

Front 76

flag

Back 76

variable that signals when some condition exists in a program