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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What causes offenders to commit crimes? |
rewards, strains |
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How is agnew's general strain theory explained? |
Strain causes negative emotions which again causes coping mechanisms (deliquency, grug use, aggression, school failure) |
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Which strains are more likely to cause negative emotions? |
1. The ones that are big 2. continuing 3. seen as unjust |
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What does coping with crime depend on according to Agnew's strain theory? |
* Coping skills * Social support * Disposition (inherent qulities such as temperament) * Costs of crime |
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What can low economic status cause? |
Goal blockage, relative deprivation (comparing self to others) |
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What prevents people from commiting crimes? |
Social control perspectives:
Internal•External•Formal •Informal |
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According to social control theory, what controls (prevents) bad behavior? |
•Societal and individual system ofconstraints (controls)
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What is internal social control? |
•Individual characteristics and mechanisms
E.g. psychological, personality,morality, temperament•Affect perceived opportunity for crime |
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What is moral neutralization? |
•Deny responsibility•Deny injury•Deny the victim•Appeal to higher loyalties•Condemn the condemners
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What are the characteristics of low self control? |
impulsive,thrill-seeking, risk taking, unable to delay gratification
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What are the causes of low self-control? |
poor education and parenting>]
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According to the general theroy (self control theory), how do crimes happen? |
Low self control + opportunity |
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What is external social control? |
Societal institutions and that monitorand prohibit behavior
E.g. criminal justice, law, family, school,work•Direct & indirect controls •Relies on internalization of norms, moralvalues�148 |
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According to socal control theory, what can control behaviors? |
•Attachment•Commitment•Involvement•Belief
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What is formal social control? |
•Criminal justice and legal sanctions•Direct and indirect•Police presence/monitoring vs. “virtualsupervision”
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How is punishment related to rational choice theory? |
•Reduces rewards•Increases risk/effort
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What is informal social control? |
nonformal instituations: •E.g. family, peers, school, work,partners, society in general
•Direct and indirect: Parental monitoring, teacher supervision•Attachment to ‘conventional society’ |
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What are some situational theories? |
Theories that depend on the situation/oportunity: Rational Choice perspective, Routineactivity theory, Crime pattern theory |
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What are the principles of opportunities? |
•Opportunities are specific•Opportunities are concentrated in timeand space•Opportunities depend on everyday patterns•Opportunities can create moreopportunities•Some opportunities are more tempting
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What does it mean that opportunities are specific? |
Bank robbery, car jacking, stick up on the streets |
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What is situational crime prevention? |
1.Increase the effort●2.Increase the risks●3.Reduce the rewards●4.Reduce provocation●5.Remove excuses
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