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15 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What are the mechanisms of social disorganization? (what does it cause)

1. Social change weakens social controls

2. Lowers resistance to deviance


3. Susceptible to ‘unconventional’ norms


4. Deviant subcultures grow

How can you measure social disorganization?

Low SES, residential mobility,ethnic heterogeneity

What is social capital?

1. Connections that facilitate cooperation•Cohesion•Trust•Reciprocity•Involvement in organizations

2. Ability to solve neighborhood problems

What are some neighbourhood social processes?

•Neighborhood social processes•Social capital•Social control•Social relationships

What is collective efficacy?

•ability of community to solve itscollective problems

How can residents work together to pevent or reduce crime?

•Monitoring wrongdoing

•Reporting to police


•Intervening in problems


•Watching neighbors’ houses

What is needed for collective efficacy?

•Mutual trust, cohesion, sharednorms/expectations

How does crime occur according to the collective efficacy model?

Structural disadvantage (e.g. poverty, mobility, urbanization) decreases collective efficacy (trust, willingness to intervene, social cohension) and then causes crime

How to measure collective efficacy?

Using the collective efficacy scale: •Trust•Social cohesion•Willingness to intervene

What is Broken Window theory?

The visible violation of normsencourages further violations.



This causes weakened adherence to norms.

What kind of policies does broken windows theory translate to?

•Zero-tolerance policing•Aggressive policing tactics•Order-maintenance policing

What are the decision making criteria for the discrete spatial choice model?

•Rewards•••Risks•••Effort

What are some signals of social disorganization?

•Low cohesion•High residential mobility•Broken windows!

What is effort in commiting crimes?

1. Physical accessibility

2. Distance


3. Non Familiar areas


4. City center


5. Target availability


6. Mobility factors

What are some models derived from opportunity based theories?

•Optimal targets

•Least amount of effort


•Prior choices lead to subsequent choices