Crim Exam 2

Front 1

Phrenology

Back 1

Concerned the size and shape of the skull and was popular from mid 1700 to mid 1800 (Franz Gall)

Criminals had much larger brains

Front 2

Atavism (Cesare Lombroso) founder of positivist school of criminology

Back 2

Criminals were atavists, or throwbacks to an earlier stage of evolution

Criminal behavior stemmed from atavism and were evolutionary accidents

Arms were long, skulls and jaws were very large, and bodies very hairy

Front 3

Somatology William Sheldon (body shapes)

Back 3

Assumes that peoples body shapes affect their personalities and hence the crimes they commit

Endomorphs - heavy and have short arms and legs, tend to be relaxed and extroverted (non criminal)

Mesomorphs - athletic and muscular, tend to be aggressive and likely to commit violent crimes requiring strength and speed.

Ectomorphs - thin, introverted and overly sensitive

Front 4

Concordance/ discordance

Back 4

Concordance- both members of a pair act alike

Discordance - they do not act alike

Front 5

MAOA

Back 5

Gene regulates a neurotransmitter called serotonin

Individuals with the variant version of the gene are less responsive to serotonin and thus more aggressive.

Front 6

MAOA

Back 6

Gene regulates a neurotransmitter called serotonin

Individuals with the variant version of the gene are less responsive to serotonin and thus more aggressive.

Front 7

Evolutionary biology

Back 7

Rape provided an evolutionary advantage to some men (cads) helped ensure the transmission of their genes into future generations

Practiced (r) strategy by producing many children and spending little time with them.

Men called (dads) practiced k strategy produced fewer children because they were married or otherwise limited themselves to consensual sex.

Front 8

Chromosomal abnormalities

Back 8

XY men are normal

XXY men are abnormal and rare. Tall, long arms, severe acne, low IQ

Front 9

Testosterone

Back 9

Higher testosterone is said to increase aggression, risk taking, and impulsiveness, and thus also low self control

Front 10

Premenstrual syndrome

Back 10

Increased stress, lethargy, tension, other problems tend to make women emotional leading to aggression

Front 11

Premenstrual syndrome

Back 11

Increased stress, lethargy, tension, other problems tend to make women emotional leading to aggression

Front 12

Neurotransmitters

Back 12

Neurons transmit impulses to each other with the aid of chemical substances called neurotransmitters.

Front 13

Premenstrual syndrome

Back 13

Increased stress, lethargy, tension, other problems tend to make women emotional leading to aggression

Front 14

Neurotransmitters

Back 14

Neurons transmit impulses to each other with the aid of chemical substances called neurotransmitters.

Front 15

Nutrition and diet

Back 15

Inadequate maternal nutrition and inadequate childhood nutrition may impair children’s development and weakens social behavior.

Front 16

Biosocial perspective

Back 16

Biological criminologists increasingly advocate a blend of biology and sociology in what is termed this

Biological traits interact with social environment influences to produce crime.

Front 17

Psychoanalytic (Sigmund Freud) founder of psychoanalysis

Back 17

Delinquency and crime arise from internal disturbances developing in early childhood because of interaction problems between parents and children

Front 18

Psychoanalytic (Sigmund Freud) founder of psychoanalysis

Back 18

Delinquency and crime arise from internal disturbances developing in early childhood because of interaction problems between parents and children

Front 19

ID

Back 19

Present at birth and consists of instinctual desires that demand immediate gratification.

Front 20

Psychoanalytic (Sigmund Freud) founder of psychoanalysis

Back 20

Delinquency and crime arise from internal disturbances developing in early childhood because of interaction problems between parents and children

Front 21

ID

Back 21

Present at birth and consists of instinctual desires that demand immediate gratification.

Front 22

Psychoanalytic (Sigmund Freud) founder of psychoanalysis

Back 22

Delinquency and crime arise from internal disturbances developing in early childhood because of interaction problems between parents and children

Front 23

ID

Back 23

Present at birth and consists of instinctual desires that demand immediate gratification.

Front 24

Ego

Back 24

More rational part of the personality

Front 25

Psychoanalytic (Sigmund Freud) founder of psychoanalysis

Back 25

Delinquency and crime arise from internal disturbances developing in early childhood because of interaction problems between parents and children

Front 26

ID

Back 26

Present at birth and consists of instinctual desires that demand immediate gratification.

Front 27

Ego

Back 27

More rational part of the personality

Front 28

Superego

Back 28

Represents the internalization of society’s moral code.

Front 29

Psychoanalytic (Sigmund Freud) founder of psychoanalysis

Back 29

Delinquency and crime arise from internal disturbances developing in early childhood because of interaction problems between parents and children

Front 30

ID

Back 30

Present at birth and consists of instinctual desires that demand immediate gratification.

Front 31

Ego

Back 31

More rational part of the personality

Front 32

Superego

Back 32

Represents the internalization of society’s moral code.

Front 33

Moral development (Kohlberg)

Back 33

Ability to distinguish right from wrong, and to determine the ethically correct course of action in complex circumstances.

Individuals pass through several stages in which they develop their ability to reason morally.

Front 34

IQ

Back 34

Low intelligence produces criminality, in part because low IQ impairs moral reasoning and the ability to appreciate the consequences of ones actions.

Front 35

Temperament

Back 35

Includes suspiciousness, coldness, irritability, hyperactivity, attention deficits, and impulsiveness.