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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Psychoanalytic main theorist |
Freud |
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Adlerian main theorist |
Alfred Adler |
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Existential theorist |
Rollo May |
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Person centered theorist |
Carl Rogers |
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Gestalt theorist |
Fritz Perls |
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CBT theorist |
Aaron Beck |
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REBT |
Albert Ellis |
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Behavioral |
John Watson and skinner |
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Reality |
William Glasser |
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Narrative |
Michael white & David Epston |
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Family systems |
Multigenerational: Murray Bowen Experiential: Carl Whitaker & Virginia Satir Structural: Salvador Minuchin Strategic: Jay Haley |
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Solution focused theorist |
Insoo Kim Berg & Steve de shazer |
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Attachment theorist |
John Bowlby |
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Self- Actualization |
The predisposition humans have to develop towards our full potential. Motivating drive for human existence |
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Carl Rogers core conditions |
1. Psychological change- a relationship must exist 2. Client must be in a state of incongruence 3. Counselor must be congruent (genuine) 4. Counselor must feel unconditional positive regard for the client 5. Counselor must experience empathy for the client 6. Client must experience the counselors genuineness, unconditional, positive regard, and empathy |
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What is the big question a person centered counselor would ask themselves before therapeutic process w/ client |
How can I establish a relationship that will facilitate the growth of my client |
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Person centered: Active listening |
Intervention that allows us to process, obtain meaning, and facilitate the therapeutic relationship |
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An example of lead-in paraphrasing |
What I hear you saying is... |
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Person centered: contemplation |
People become aware of the personal consequences of their problematic behaviors |
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Person centered: engaging |
Listening to understand the clients dilemma and values |
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PC ambivalence |
The simultaneous presence of competing motivations for and against change |
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MI evocation |
Interviewer elicits the clients own perspective and motivation |
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PC & MI affirmations |
Counselor emphasizes the positive about a client |
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Which theorist found that emotions and feelings can be learned based off a certain stimulus ? |
John Watson |
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Positive reinforcement |
Adding stimuli to increase a certain behavior |
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Stress Inoculation Training |
Most signified a shift from behavioral therapy to cognitive behavioral therapy - emphasis on connecting a clients problems to their thoughts and emotions |
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Systematic desensitization |
Integrated into a variety of other behavioral tech because of its ability to reduce anxiety and stress |
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Therapeutic relationship definition in behavioral therapy |
-warm and empathetic -counselor guides the client in the treatment planning process - client is expert on their own experiences |
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What is the million dollar ? in behavioral counseling ? |
How can I help clients unlearn problematic behaviors and replace them with healthier behaviors ? |
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Multicultural pro of behavioral counseling |
It is tailored to a specific individual and has emphasis on problem solving. |
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Theorist for radical behaviorism |
Skinner |
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What theorist developed systematic desensitization |
Wolpe |
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Anxiety hierarchy: behavioral |
Represents a scale of the clients fears about test taking |
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Cognitive: who bridges the gap between behavior and cognitive theory ? |
Albert bandura |
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Cognitive: core belief |
Changing the core belief can help us change an automatic thought or thoughts based on beliefs we have about ourselves and in the world we live |
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Cognitive: Socratic questioning |
Important for cognitive therapists and guides clients towards self discovery |
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Cognitive: catastrophizing |
A type of cognitive distortion that takes place when we take one event and exaggerate it so it becomes fearful in our lives |
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Some cognitive distortions |
Mind reading, all or nothing, overgeneralization, catastophsizing |
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Fundamental goal of cognitive therapy |
Is to remove or to eliminate biases in clients thinking that prevent them from functioning optimally |
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Cognitive Triad |
This concept explains that negative thoughts are about self, the world, and future |
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Cognitive conceptual |
Closely describes the emotions we experience |
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DBT |
Started w/ clients at high risk for suicide and has shown to be effective w/ borderline personality disorder |
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CBT |
Focuses on changing maladaptive and negative ways of thinking into healthier and more positive ways of thinking |
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REBT |
Focuses on changing irrational thoughts |
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REBT: ABCD model |
Activating event Belief system Consequences Dispute |
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Which counseling theory believes that a warm therapeutic relationship is desirable but neither necessary nor sufficient ? |
REBT |
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Narrative theory was derived from which theory? |
Both family therapy and social constructivist |
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What is the view of human nature from a narrative theorists perspective ? |
We determine what our stories are |
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Multicultural pro for narrative |
Clients can assess how culture has affected their story |
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REBT: Therapeutic Letter Writing |
Intervention reinforces what’s taken place throughout the counseling process |
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Solution focused: exploration |
Identifying exceptions |
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Goal setting process from solution focused |
Positive instead of negative Specific and observable Small achievable steps |
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Solution-focused: how is miracle question effective ? |
Allowing the client to articulate their desired future |
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What skill serves as the main assessment tool in solution focused ? |
Scaling questions |
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SF: what skill serves as a way to identify when a client problems are not present or not as significant |
Exception questions |
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SF: what type of client is able to define the problem w/ the counselor but is unable to identify any exceptions |
Complainant client |
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Con of SF |
It neglects client history and broader assessment |
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SF major contribution to counseling |
Time intensive which makes it less expensive |
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Reality/Choice : what is part of a clients total behavior ? |
Acting Feeling Physiology Thinking |
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Reality/choice multicultural pro |
Respects differences in world views and cultural values |
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Reality/choice criticisms |
It ignores the unconscious and influence of clients past |
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Reality/ choice stage where you explore your clients mental picture album |
W- wants or needs |
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Reality/ choice “is what your doing going to get you want you want” what stage can this ? Be asked |
D- direction and doing |
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Psychoanalytic: refers to deeper meaning in our dreams ? |
Latent content |
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PA: what component of our personality is influenced by significant adults in childhood ? |
Superego |
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What Freud sexual stage do childrens desires become dormant and their main task are participating in hobbies, being w/ friends, making new relationships |
Latency |
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PA: forces that motivate personality are? |
Eros and Thanatos |
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Jungs term for emotionally charged images and thoughts that cause us to respond in certain ways to common human experiences? |
Archetypes |
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Countertransference |
Unconscious attitude or behavior on part of the therapist towards the client |
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Transference |
Client redirects feeling onto therapist |
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Jung : beneath the layers of personal unconscious resides our presumably evolutionary experience this is called? |
Collective unconscious |
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In Adlerian theory what term means the ability to participate and willingness to contribute to society? |
Social interest |
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Adler’s three main life tasks |
1. Develop friendship w/ others 2. Realize loving relationship w/ another 3. Working in a satisfying or meaningful occupation |
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Adlerian: what is a habitual pattern of behavior that is unique to each person? |
Lifestyle |
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According to Adlerian birth order concept which child is most likely to develop effective negotiation skills by adulthood? |
Middle |
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Which stage of Adlerian therapy focuses on facilitating client insight |
Stage 3: clarification |
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Which Adlerian lifestyle is he desired goal of counseling ? |
Socially useful |
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Which Adlerian tech heavily influenced SF counseling |
The Question |
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Adlerian 4 lifestyles |
1. Socially useful: highly social 2. Ruling type: little social interest/ control 3. Getting type: wants go get without struggle/ take w/o giving 4. Avoiding type: low social interest, avoids failure |
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Existential multicultural cons |
Too individualistic Lack of structure |
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Existential: founder of logotherapy |
Victor Frankl |
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Existential dimensions: eigenwelt & Uberwelt |
Individual Spirituality |
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Existential counselors believe client who seek counseling services are all suffering from: |
A conflict of meaning or purpose |
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Existential: no meaning we feel empty what is solution? |
Engagement |
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What is main therapeutic goal of EXistential |
To help client lead an authentic life |
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Some tech in existentialism May imply... |
Manipulation of clients |
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In gestalt therapy what is an experiment ? |
Spontaneous intervention specific to client and related to particular moment in therapy |
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Shawnas therapist brings attention to her tendency to bite her nails when she is nervous by biting his own nails what gestalt tech is this? |
Exaggeration |
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Gestalt multicultural con |
Confrontational counselor Therapy highly individualistic philosophy |
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Gestalt: Holism |
Everything is inevitably interrelated and mutually dependent on each other |
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Gestalt: impasse |
A persons usual supports are not available and new supports have not yet been established |
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Authenticity |
Refers to a persons state of truly being him or herself |
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Gestalt phony layer |
Refers to reacting to others in stereotypical or inauthentic ways |
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Gestalt: Figure ground |
Figure : object, person, of element that emerges or stands out against background Ground: context in which a figure appears and against which a figure stands out |
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Gestalt: maladaptive behaviors 5 layers of neurosis |
1. Phony 2. Phobic 3. Impasse 4. Implosive 5. Explosive |
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Family therapy multigenerational |
Family patterns are repeated across generations, family members form triangles, members differentiate themselves |
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Family: experiential family therapy |
Change family rules and clarify misconceptions:! Molding |
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Family: structural |
Family is a system but individual members are not ignored, members play different roles |
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Family: strategic |
Families are rule governed systems, client behavioral change, typically short, solving problems in present |
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Attachment |
Psychological connection between two people that allows them to have relational significance towards one another |
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When are attachment styles established ? |
In younger childhood and then persist throughout life |
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Attachment theory main contributed |
John Bowlby & Mary Ainsworth |
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Attachment styles : |
Secure Anxious/ ambivalent : insecure, clingy Anxious avoidant: does recognize caregiver in environment Disorganized: confused , history of maltreatment, uncontrollable behaviors
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