Compre: Pharmacognosy Pt. 1

Front 1

True

Back 1

Pharmacognosy literally means the knowledge of drugs or pharmaceuticals. True or False?

Front 2

Pharmacognosy

Back 2

It is also defined as an applied science that deals with the biologic, biochemical and economic features of natural drugs and their constituents originated from plants and animals.

Front 3

Crude

Back 3

Pharmacognosy is the study of ______ drugs.

Front 4

Dioscorides

Back 4

•Greek Physician

•Wrote De Materia Medica in 78 A.D.

Front 5

De Materia Medica

Back 5

This consists of about 600 plants described by Dioscorides that were known to have medicinal properties.

Hint 5

78 A.D.

Front 6

Galen

Back 6

•Greek Pharmacist-Physician

•Lived in Rome

•Described the method of preparing formulas known to have medicinal properties

Front 7

False

Back 7

Crude drugs are fruits or animal drugs that consists of natural substances that have not undergone only the process of collection and drying. True or False?

Hint 7

Vegetables; that have undergone

Front 8

Crude Drugs

Back 8

These are any products that have not been advanced in value or improved in condition by shedding, grinding, chipping, crushing, distilling, evaporating, extracting, artificial mixing with other substances.

Front 9

Natural Substances

Back 9

These are found in nature that comprise the whole plants and herbs and anatomic parts thereof.

Front 10

C

Back 10

These are examples of natural substances, except:

A. Sap

B. Extracts

C. Bark

D. Secretions

E. Whole Animals

F. Animal Organs

Front 11

ABCEF

Back 11

Process of preparing drugs for commercial market:

A. Collection

B. Harvesting

C. Drying

D. Extracting

E. Garbling

F. Packaging, storage, preservation

Front 12

ABCDFG

Back 12

Effects of moisture associated with improper storage and preservation: (Choose all that apply)

A. ⬆ weight of drug

B. ⬇ percentage of act. const.

C. Favors enzymatic activity

D. Facilitates fungal growth

E. ⬆percantage of act. const.

F. Highly colored drugs

G. Undesirable changes in const.

Front 13

True

Back 13

Effects of air associated with improper storage and preservation increases oxidation of the const. of the drugs. True or False?

Front 14

65 C

Back 14

For the protection of frugs against attacks by insects, expose the drug to a temperature of ______.

Front 15

Methyl bromide

Back 15

For the fumigation of large lots of drugs, use ______.

Front 16

Tight, light-resistant containers

Back 16

For small lots of drugs, store in :

Front 17

Organoleptic, microscopic, biologic, chemical, physical

Back 17

Different methods of evaluating drugs (5)

Front 18

Morphologic, Taxonomic, Therapeutic/Pharmacologic, Chemical

Back 18

Classification of drugs (4)

Front 19

Inert/inactive constituents

Back 19

They have no definitive pharmacologic activity.

Their presence sometimes prevent the absorbability or potency of the active constituents.

Front 20

Active Constituents

Back 20

They are responsible for the therapeutic effect.

Front 21

Pharmaceutically active

Back 21

These are constituents that may cause precipitation or other chemical changes in a medicinal preparation.

Front 22

Pharmacologically active

Back 22

These are constituents that are responsible for the therapeutic activity of the drug, it's eaither single chemical substances or mixtures of principle.

Front 23

C

Back 23

The ff statements about Carbohydrates are true, except:

A. It is the major source of energy

B. It is the most abundant biomolecule on earth

C. It is the secondary source of energy for all living organism

D. Serves as structural components

E. They are aldehydes or ketones containing CHO

F. First products formed in photosynthesis

Hint 23

It is the MAIN source of energy

Front 24

Sugars, polysaccharides

Back 24

Classification of carbohydrates (2)

Front 25

Monosaccharides

Back 25

These are compounds that cannot be hydrolyzed to simple sugars.

Front 26

Disaccharides

Back 26

Yields two monosaccharide molecules on hydrolysis.

Front 27

Trisaccharides

Back 27

Yields three monosaccharide molecules on hydrolysis.

Front 28

Tetrasaccharides

Back 28

Yields four monosaccharide molecules on hydrolysis.

Front 29

Monosaccharide

Back 29

•simple sugars

•smallest unit that make up carbohydrates

•building blocks

Front 30

Glucose, Galactose, Fructose

Back 30

Three main monosaccharides in the human diet.

Front 31

C

Back 31

Other names of glucose, except:

A. D-glucose

B. Blood sugar

C. Milk sugar

D. Dextrose

E. Corn sugar

F. Grape sugar

Front 32

False

Back 32

Glucose appears in the urine in gestational diabetes. True or false?

Hint 32

Appears in Diabetes mellitus

Front 33

Glucose

Back 33

It is an aldohexose obtained by controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of starch.

Front 34

True

Back 34

Aka milk sugar, galactose is less sweet than glucose. True or false?

Front 35

Galactose

Back 35

It is synthesized in the body where it is formed associated with glycolipids and glycoproteins. It is also a component of lactose and other oligosaccharides, cerebrosides and gangliosides, glycolipids and glycoproteins.

Front 36

A

Back 36

Other names of Fructose, except:

A. Blood sugar

B. Fruit sugar

C. Levulose

D. Hexulose

E. D-fructose

F. D-arabino

G. D-fructofuranose

Front 37

Fructose

Back 37

•It is absorbed directly into the bloodstream during digestion

•most water-soluble of all the sugars

Front 38

Disaccharides

Back 38

It is a carbohydrate which is formed when 2 simple sugars undergo condensation rxn which involves the elimination of a small molecule such as water from the functional group.

Front 39

Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose

Back 39

Most common disaccharides (3)

Front 40

A

Back 40

Other name of sucrose:

A. Table Sugar

B. Milk Sugar

C. Malt sugar

Front 41

B

Back 41

Other name of lactose:A. Table SugarB. Milk SugarC. Malt sugar

Front 42

C

Back 42

Other name of maltose:A. Table SugarB. Milk SugarC. Malt sugar

Front 43

A

Back 43

Which of these are the monosaccharides that combine to make sucrose?

A. Glucose+Fructose

B. Glucose+Galactose

C. Glucose+Glucose

Front 44

B

Back 44

Which of these are the monosaccharides that combine to make lactose?A. Glucose+FructoseB. Glucose+GalactoseC. Glucose+Glucose

Front 45

C

Back 45

Which of these are the monosaccharides that combine to make maltose?A. Glucose+FructoseB. Glucose+GalactoseC. Glucose+Glucose

Front 46

A

Back 46

Which of the ff is the link of sucrose and its sources?

A. a 1-2; green plants

B. a 1-4; milk of mammals

C. a 1-4; breakdown of starches

Front 47

B

Back 47

Which of the ff is the link of lactose and its sources?A. a 1-2; green plantsB. a 1-4; milk of mammalsC. a 1-4; breakdown of starches

Front 48

C

Back 48

Which of the ff is the link of maltose and its sources?A. a 1-2; green plantsB. a 1-4; milk of mammalsC. a 1-4; breakdown of starches

Front 49

Saccharum officinarum; graminae, Beta vulgaris; Chenopodiaceae, Acer saccharum; Aceraceae

Back 49

Sources of sucrose

(give scientific name; family)

Front 50

C

Back 50

Uses of sucrose, except:

A. Pharmaceutical necessity

B. Demulcent

C. Vitamin

D. Nutrient

E. Bacteriostatic

F. Preservatives

G. Masks disagreeable tastes in troches and tablets

H. Retards oxidation in certain preparations

Front 51

Bos taurus; Bovidae

Back 51

Sources of Lactose(give scientific name; family)

Front 52

Malted milk

Back 52

It is prepared by evaporating milk, an extract of malt.

Front 53

Odorless, Faintly sweet

Back 53

Lactose has an ______, _________ taste.

Front 54

D

Back 54

Uses of Lactose, except:

A. Nutrient

B. Pharmaceutic necessity

C. Tablet diluent

D. Emollient

Front 55

Lactase

Back 55

Lactose is hydrolyzed by the specific enzyme called _______.

Front 56

Maltose

Back 56

Aka maltobiose or malt sugar, this disaccharide is produced when amylase breaks down starch.

Front 57

False

Back 57

Maltose is found in nongerminating seeds such as barley as they breakdown their starch stores to use for food. True or False?

Hint 57

Germinating

Front 58

Maltose

Back 58

This disaccharide can also be produced when glucose is caramelized and can be obtained by hydrolysis of glycogen or starch.

Front 59

Oligosaccharides

Back 59

It is a carbohydrate polymer comprised of 3-10 monosaccharides or simple sugars.

Front 60

O-glycosidic bond, N-glycosidic link

Back 60

Oligosaccharides are linked together by:

Front 61

Galactooligosaccharides

Back 61

These are synthesized through enzymatic connection of lactose.

Front 62

Human milk oligosaccharides

Back 62

They are complex glycans that can be found in breastmilk. The backbone of this is the disaccharide lactose which is formedby the linkage between galactose and glucose sugars.

Front 63

Chicory root

Jerusalem artichokes

Onions

Legumes

Wheat

Asparagus

Jicama

Back 63

Plants with large amount of oligosaccharides (7)

Front 64

Polysaccharides

Back 64

These are polymeric carbohydrate molecules composed of long chains of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic bond and on hydrolysis give the constituent monosaccharides or oligosaccharides.

Front 65

Linear to highly branched

Back 65

Polysaccharides range in structure from ___________.

Front 66

Homopolysaccharide, Heteropolysaccharide

Back 66

Starch may be classified as:

Front 67

Homopolysaccharide

Back 67

Contains only a single type of monosaccharide; may be branched or unbranched.

Front 68

Heteropolysaccharide

Back 68

Contains 2 or more monosaccharides; may be branched or unbranched.

Front 69

False

Back 69

Starch serves as the permanent storage form of photosynthetic products. True or false?

Hint 69

Temporary storage form

Front 70

Starch

Back 70

It serves as the permanent reserve food material for the plants and the chief storage form of carbohydrates in plants.

Front 71

B

Back 71

Uses of starch, except:

A. Ingredient in dusting powders

B. Buffering agent

C. Pharmaceutic aid

D. Paper sizing

E. Cloth sizing

F. Laundry starching

G. Starting material from which liquid glucose, dextrose,bhigh fructose sweeteners are made

Front 72

Inulin

Back 72

It is obtained from the subterranean organs of the members of the Compositae family (Taraxacum, inula, lappa, echinacea & chicory).

Front 73

True

Back 73

Inulin is used in culture media as fermentative identifying agent for certain bacteria and for the evaluation of renal function. True or False?

Front 74

Dextran

Back 74

It is a water soluble polysaccharide of glucose produced by the action of transglucosylase enzyme system present in Leuconostoc mesenteroides.

Front 75

True

Back 75

Dextran is used as plasma expanders in cases of shocj caused by hemorrhage and employed to reduce blood viscosity and to improve microcirculation at low flow states. True or False?

Front 76

Cellulose

Back 76

A rigid, colorless, unbranched, insoluble, long chain polysaccharide, consisting of 3000 to 5000 glucose residues and forming the structure of most plant and of plant cells.

Front 77

Gums

Back 77

These are natural plant hydrocolloids that that may be classified as anionic or non-ionic polysaccharide or salts of polydaccharides

Front 78

C

Back 78

Uses of gums, except:

A. Ingredients in dental and other adhesives and in bulk laxatives

B. Pharmaceutic aid

C. Nutrient

D. Tablet binders, emulsifiers, gelating agents, suspending agents, stabilizers and thickeners

Front 79

Glycogen

Back 79

Storage form of carbohydrates in animals and fungi; multibranched polysaccharide of glucose.

Front 80

True

Back 80

Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose. True or false?

Front 81

Astragalus gummifer

Back 81

Scientific name of the origin of tragacanth.

Front 82

AB

Back 82

Coming from the legumunosae family, tragacanth consists of what act. ingredient?

A. Bassorin

B. Tragacanthin

C. Astragalusin

D. NOTA

Front 83

Acacia senegal

Back 83

Scientific name of the origin of Acacia.

Front 84

AB

Back 84

Coming from the leguminosae family, acacia consists of what act. ingredient?

A. Arabin

B. Enzymes

C. Bassorin

Front 85

F

Back 85

Uses of tragacanth, except:

A. Suspening agent

B. Emulsifying agent

C. Adhesive

D. Demulcent

E. Emollient

F. Binder

Front 86

G

Back 86

Uses of acacia, except:

A. Suspening agent

B. Emulsifying agent

C. Adhesive

D. Demulcent

E. Emollient

F. Binder

G. NOTA