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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Theseus and the Black Sail |
Went to fight the Minotaur in Crete Labrynth Forgot to change the sail to white Father committed suicide |
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Hyppolytus |
Son of Theseus and Amazon Hyppolyte Lover of Theseus's queen Phaedra |
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Phaedra and Hyppolytus |
Loved him and when she told him he flipped out Killed herself and left a note saying it was becasue he tried to rape her Thesus believes her and curses and banishes him Sea monster scares his horses so they drag him to death |
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Helen (Upbringing) |
According to the Athenian tradition Helen wouldhave been of Attic origin and daughter of Nemesis(Revenge), but raised in Sparta by Leda andTyndareus. |
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Helen and Theseus |
She was a child, not of marriageable age Theseus and Pirithous went to Sparta and fled away with her They then got married |
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Theseia
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The festival was not instituted until 469 BCE, when Cimon brought back to Athens Theseus’ bones form the island of Skyros.Processions, sacrifices and athletic contests were held.
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Jason and the Golden Fleece
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Was from Iolcus Had to go on a journey by his uncle to get the golden fleece In myth the person who sends the heroes is sending them to die but the hero generally succeeds Herakles was also there Had to go through a lot of challenges before getting the fleece Medea helps him in his quest (god) Had to fight a fire breathing bull and men who were coming from the soil According some traditions there is a snake or a dragon protecting it but he doesn’t really have to fight it because Medea causes it to fall asleep They go back to Pelias and he brings it to the fleece to the king Medea and Jason fall in love and have some sons Medea convinces King Pelias's daughters to want to rejuvenate their old king father However, it was a trick and they kill the father and then then go to Corinth Jason marries the daughter of Corinth so he can become king This makes Medea mad and she kills the young wife and punishes him by killing their own son She then escapes on the chariot of the son End of Jasons life is not good or heroic Everyone abandons him and then something hits him or something and he dies, not a challenging death This is a common theme because of the hubris granted in their quest and the gods punish them
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Phaeton
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Wants to drive the golden chariot of the sun but his father wouldn’t let him But then he does and he is very excited Flies up to the milky way and down to earth setting it on fire Very dangerous so Zeus wants to put a stop to it Hits him with a lightning bolt This is another case of if you dare to match the gods you are punished
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Women and Myth
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Generally women are models for what not to do
When the are granted divine status they change their names Collective rites - rites of passages all together while males have a more individual experience for rites |
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Brauronia
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Rites of passage There was the temple dedicated to Artemis at Brauron Young girls ran naked and performed some rights and they also acted as bears |
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Callisto |
Callisto was dedicated to Artemis and didn’t want any ideas of getting married Marriage was an important stage of a females life and so was having babies, ect. She turned into a bear She was able to give birth to a son Arcas who was a hunter He hunts and is about to kill his mother but Zeus intervenes |
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The Amazons |
Female aggressive warriors Very skilled in fighting They also cut one of their breasts to be more able to use their bow Herakles fought against Andromache who we know by name |
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Penthesilia |
Achilles killing Penthesilia He didn’t realzie she was female and is about to kill her but he stripped her and fell in love |
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Amazon Warrior Penthesilia and Achilles right before he was going to kill her They fall in love |
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Atalanta (race and overview)
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Atalanta is also a person who acts as a boy She didn’t want to become a wife so she was going against the usual female timeline What she did to avoid this was she was a good athlete so she challenged all men to a foot race She says if someone beats her she would marry him Hippomenes was smart and he had the apple and when they were racing he threw them distracting her and he won Only way to win was to trick her
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Zeus and Danae |
Impregnated her as a golden shower, gives birth to Perseus |
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Hector and Adromache |
Wife of hero |
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Aclestis and Herakles |
Aclestis is married to King Admetus She offers to sacrifice herself for him when he gets sick She goes to the underworld but Herakles brings her back The king and queen live happily ever after |
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Orestes, Electra and Pilades |
Son, daughter, and newfew of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra |
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Dionysus and Ariadne |
Theseus abandoned Ariadne sleeping on Naxos, and Dionysus rediscovered and marries her |
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Atalanta and Peleus
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Wrestled and defeated the hero in a competition for a boar's head |
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Atalanta and Peleus wrestling for Boar's Head |
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Cassandra |
Cassandra - priestess and Apollo fell in love with her He gave her the ability to give oracles and prophecies She still didn’t fall in love so Apollo didn’t let anyone believe her For example, she warned the trojans that their city would fall but nobody paid attention to her Lover of Agamemnon after Troy |
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Clytemnestra |
Was the wife of Agamemnon who led the Greek mission against Troy Before he was about to sail to Troy there was not favourable winds He sacrificed his daughter When he was at war Clyemnestra plots with her lover Aegisthus to get back at him and they kill him |
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Orestes |
Son on Clymnestra and Agamemnon Avenges his fathers death by killing mom and her lover who helped kill dad |
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Odysseus and Nausicaa
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Helps him after his ship gets wrecked May have been a lover or mother figure |
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Penelope |
Wife of Odyssus They have a son Telemachus Her husband goes on journey and she has many suitors He comes back and kills them all |
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Amor and Psyche |
Drops hot oil on him and scares him off Maybe eventually gets married? |
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Evidence of Troy |
Epics Archaeological evidences Records from the Hittite Empireand from Egypt |
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Cause of the War of Troy |
Eris (Strife) is not invited at the Wedding of Peleus and Thetis set by Zeus Eris threw onto the table a golden apple inscribed with the words For the Fairest When Hera, Athene, and Aphrodite each claimed it, Zeus decided that the argument should be settled by Paris, son of the king of Troy Each goddesses offered the best gift she could provide in return for his favourable decision Hera royal power Athena victory in war Aphrodite Helen, wife of Menelaus, king of Sparta, as his wife He picks Hera/ Helen as wife |
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Paris playing the lyre and looking after his goats and stuff when the gods approached him Hermes followed by Athena, Hera, and Aphrodite (veiled as married women were when outside)
Decision on who is the fairest God |
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Leda, Zeus, Helen |
Helen was half divine and half human and was well known for her beauty She was the daughter of Leda and Zeus who came as a swan She was born from an egg |
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Paris leading Helen away from Sparta Paris holding her wrist = power and control over her Aphroditeand Peitho (persuasion) there too |
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ChronologicalIncongruences in War of Troy |
Achilles birth and Paris embassy Achilles would have just been a baby at this time Achilles birth vs. the beginning of the war Achilles would have only been like 12 years old Achilles son, Neoptolemus is old enough to join the battle |
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Achilles as a Baby |
Mother dipped him in the river Styx by the heel to protect him and this made it his weak spot He died by an injury to his heel shot by Paris |
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Paris shooting arrows at Achilles' heel Apollo is fighting on the Trojan side and his helping Paris kill Achilles |
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Odysseus’ Insanity |
People thought he was insane Greeks put his son Telemachus in front of his plow to see if he would run him over but he stopped in time |
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Achilles on Scyros |
Achilles disguised himself as a girl at the court of the king of Skyros, fell in love with a princess, and married her before leaving for Troy |
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Iphigenia |
After offending Artemis, Agamemnon was commanded to kill Iphigenia as a sacrifice to allow his ships to sail to Troy |
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Homer |
A real person or a mythicalancestor of the Homeridae(corporation of rhapsodes)? Chios and Smyrna have thestrongest claims to have beenHomer’s birthplace Ancient accounts of his life arelargely demonstrable fictions |
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Two Authors of the Homeric Texts |
Orality: poetic diction, scene-construction range of formulae and repertoire of repeated sequences indicate a background of oral poetry. Language: mixture of different dialects from different areas of the Greek world. |
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The Homeric World |
Wealth and power in the hands of regional kings There are not yet any Greeksettlements in Asia Minor Their swords and spearheads are of bronze(and not iron) They go to war in chariots Ancient forms of heroes’ names |
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Iliad |
24 Books Plot is about the anger of Achilles It only tells the history of 41 days of the 10 year Trojan War |
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Iliad Plot |
King Agamemnon took a concubine of the daughter of Chryses who was a priest of the God Apollo Father offers huge ranson but Agamemnon refuses to give her back Apollo sends a plague on them and he gives her back Takes Achilles' girl Briseis as compensation Achilles gets mad and wants his side to lose to the Trojans and enlists Zeus to help His friend Patroclus takes his place in battle in his armour, killed by Hector This make him mad and he returns to battle Thetis (his mom) gets Hephestus to make him new armour Achilles goes to battle and kills Hector He then lashes the body to the back of his chariot and drags it across the battlefield to the Achaean camp Wasnt going to give body back but Gods convince him to have a hero's burial by his father Priam |
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Achilles dragging the body of Hector behind his chariot |
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Diomedes and Glaucus |
Soldiers in the battle of troy exchange armour as a sign of friendship |
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Odysseus, Diomedes, Dolon |
Intercepted the spy sent by Hector Wore a wolf skin as a disguise Gave them information on the weakness of the Trojan army |
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Achille's Armour |
Object of a feud between Odysseus and Ajax They competed for it by giving speeches on why they were the bravest after Achilles to their Trojan prisoners, who after considering both men came to a consensus in favor of Odysseus Ajax gets really mad and kills himself |
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The Gods’ alignment in the Trojan War |
Pro-Greek Hera Athene Poseidon Hephaestus Neutral Zeus Pro-Trojan Apollo Aphrodite Artemis Ares |
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Odysseus and Diomedes steal the Palladium |
Palladion was a cult image of great antiquity on which the safety of Troy and later Rome was said to depend, the wooden statue of Athena that Odysseus and Diomedes stole from the citadel of Troy and which was later taken to the future site of Rome by Aeneas. |
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PhiloctetesAt Lemnos |
Archer during trojan war was awarded the bow of Herakles when he died Was exiled to Lemnos but then was recalled by the Greeks |
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Oddysey |
Trojan War lasted 10 years Poseidon was upset with Odysseus and prevented him for returning home for many years We don’t know why this is until Book 12 The poem has a lot of flashbacks about the events that happened in the previous years The plot of the story is the struggles of the Greek hero and his return home from Troy to regain his position as king of Ithaca Only a few number of days are recounted directly Odysseus does not even appear until book 5 His parents were Laertes and Anticleia His grandfather was a son of Hermes so he does have some divine qualities Homer is not precise about the places he went to |
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Telemachus |
Son of Odysseus and Penelope, and a central character in Homer's Odyssey. The first four books of the Odyssey focus on Telemachus' journeys in search of news about his father, who has yet to return home from the Trojan War First place he stops is Nestor |
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Oddysus and Calypso |
Calypso was a nymph in Greek mythology, who lived on the island of Ogygia, where she detained Odysseus for several years |
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Odysseus and Nausicaa |
Odyssus lands in Scheria At this place he was helped by Nausicaa who brought him to his father the king Phaecians It was a standard Greek passage to be welcome to those people coming abroad The bard Demodocus sings some songs and told these people what happened at Troy Bards are blind because their inspiration comes from the Gods Talks about some of Odysseus hero friends and starts crying The king asks him why he was sad and he has to reveal that he is Odysseus and has to start telling what happened in the previous 9 years |
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Odysseus and Polyphemus |
At some on Odysseus's mission he encountered some Cyclopes who were shepherds Polyphemus was a giant and cannibalistic figure He ate some of Odysseus' companions because he was hungry Odysseus offered him some wine (good wine, Maron's wine) And then he blinds him and escapes from his cave |
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Odyssus and Circe |
Sorceress She turns Odyssus's men into beasts She runs away from Odysseus and he doesn’t kill her so long as she turns him friends back to humans She gives him a lot of good advice and tells him to go to the underworld to figure out how to reach his homeland |
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Odyssus and Circe running away Men as beasts |
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Odysseus and Tiresias |
When in the land of the dead Odysseus then summoned the spirit of the old prophet Tiresias for advice on how to appease Poseidon upon his return home |
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Odyssus and the Sirens |
They skirted the land of the Sirens, who sang an enchanting song that normally caused passing sailors to steer toward the rocks, only to hit them and sink. All of the sailors except for Odysseus, who was tied to the mast as he wanted to hear the song, had their ears plugged up with beeswax Being unsuccessful she throws herself into the sea killing herself |
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Odyssus and the Sirens |
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Scylla |
Six headed monster Odyssus had to slay on his way home |
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Return of Odyssus |
He comes back disguised as a goat heard so nobody knows it is him The only one who recognizes him is his old dog He is so happy and so old that he dies His old nurse also recognizes him by his scar Eventually reveals himself to Penelope and Telemachus |
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Return home of Odyssus, Penelope sitting, Telemachus behind her looking shocked |
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Odyssus and the Suitors |
Wins the suitor archery competition and then kills all of them for trying to pick up his wife |
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Tragedy |
tragoidia (lit. song for the prize of a goat) 3 actors chorus of 12 or 15 Themes mainly from mythology, but also 3 “historical” plays are known Trilogy: the three tragedies connected in subject matter. |
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City Dionysia |
4 Days Established by Peisistratus during 6th cent. BCECelebrated by the whole federation of Attic states.Largely devoted to tragedy, but from 486 BCEcomedies were performed as well.Tragedy’s themes were mainly from mythology. |
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City Dionysia Poem Submission |
Each tragedian had to submit 3 tragediesto the archon eponymous.The tragedian has also to write a satyr-play.Each comic poets had to submit onlyone comedy. Choregos - rich person who funded the production |
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Theatron |
Theatre |
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Catharsis |
Purification In the context of plays Aristotle - Reversal of fortune arouses pity and fear and purification, takes place over no more than one day Horace - social function, how not to behave in real life because of the characters misfortune, death This will cause the audience to reach order and decorum |
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Satyr Plays |
The chorus was made up of the satyrswho belong to Dionysus Cyclops by Euripidesis the only satyr playpreserved intact |
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Comedy |
Komoidia means komos-singing Probably originated in Sicily or Doric area or Attica |
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3 Periods of Comedy |
Old Comedy 450-380 BCEMiddle Comedy 380-320 BCENew Comedy after 320 |
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The Tragic Hero and Universe |
Extraordinary qualities Domestic problems Sufferings Anthropocentic - humans most significant species on earth Gods interact with human more rarely |
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The Tragic Mystery |
Peripteia (reversal) Happy situation turns into a bad one The message here is to expect change in life Moral freedom - understanding of consequences of actions What happens here is because someone behaved in a certain way Euripides - master of the unexpected |
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Bacchae by Euripides |
Dionysus Ruling family of Thebes (Cadmus) refuses to worship him/ recognizing his divinity as professed by Pentheus He's pissed and does dumb stuff Cadmus = harmonia |
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Cadmus andthe Dragonat Thebes |
Had to slay a dragon that ruled the land at Thebes in order to take the land
Put dragon's teeth into the land and the Spartoi were born (army) and only 5 survived Together founded Thebes |
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Some debate if it is Cadmus and the dragon or Apollo and the Python |
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The Death ofPentheus |
Torn apart by his people with their bare hands including his mother |
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Tiresias |
Was a blind prophetof Apollo in Thebes, famous for clairvoyance and for being transformed into a woman for seven years. He is rejected by Pentheus when he rejects Dionysus |
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Cadmus and Znakes |
Cadmus is given a prophecy by Dionysus whereby both he and his wife will be turned into snakes for a period before eventually being brought to live among the blest |
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Aeschylus’ Oresteia |
Oresteia by Aeschylus is theonly surviving trilogy.AgamemnonChoephoroe (Libation-Bearers)Eumenides (The Kindly Ones)Satyr playProteus (missing) |
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Aeschylus |
Tragic play write Introduced thesecond actor |
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Proteus |
After the fall of Troy, Menelaus recovered Helen and brought her home Play about his travels? |
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The choruses of the Oresteia |
Agamemnon - old Argive citizens Coephoroe - captive women bearing libations to Agamemnon’s tomb Eumenides - Furies domesticated by Athene |
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Aegisthus killing Agamemnon Clytemnestra, Electra, and Cassandra are all there too |
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Killing of Cassandra |
Killed by Clytemnestra for being the prize of her husband for the fall of Troy |
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Choephoroe |
Libation Bearers |
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Orestes and Electra |
They plot together Electra didn’t want the killing of her father so she and Orestes start to plot together in order to have revenge for that Orestes has been told by Apollo that he has to do that, an order from Apollo
He really doesn’t have a lot of choice, even if his feelings are those of one who wants to punish his mother for what she did |
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He arrives at the palace and finds Aegisthus who is very relaxed Playing music (barbiton) kind of Lyre Klytemnestra trying to kill Orestes (her son) because he is killing her lover Orestes is able to kill him anyways, on the vase he had already injured him (blood on chest) Orestes then kills his mom Klytemnestra even though she plays the maternal card For a short period of time Orestes is concerned and almost got talked out of it but his friend reminded him it was an order from Apollo |
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Eumenides |
The Good Ones |
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Apollo and Orestes |
Apollo is purifying him with the blood of a piglet Purification occurred by washing blood with other blood Being purified for the murder |
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Orestes and the Furies |
Hunted down by the furies who can smell the blood of murder Sent by Clytemnestra |
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Orestes' Trial |
Hill of Acres (Acreopagus) on the acropolis Ends in a tie which in Greek tragedy leads to Orestes going free |
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Orestes and Iphigenia |
Iphigenia was acting as a priestess of the Goddess Artemis in Tauris Runs into brother while he is there escaping the furies and to steal a carving of Artimis to bring to Athens |
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Hermione and Orestes |
Hermione believed that Andromache cast spells, so that she would not get pregnant. She asked Menelaus to killAndromache, but he refused. As a result, Hermione fled with her cousin Orestes. She married him and had a son named Tisamenus. No further details exist as to what happened to her. |
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Sophocles |
3 tragedies on Oedipus’family, no part of the same trilogy: Antigone Oedipus Rex Oedipus at Colonus Introduced the third actor |
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Oedipus Family |
Son of Laius and Jocasta
There is a curse on Laius because he raped a young boy and the Gods cursed him for his son to kill him The intent of Laius was to avoid any birth of a son Jocasta becomes pregant anyways and when the baby was born Laius gives it to a servant and tied his ancles and injured his baby Name = swollen foot |
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Oedipus Childhood |
Servant is asked to leave the baby on a hill/ mountain and kill it The servant doesn’t want to kill the baby so leaves him here and goes away He is rescued by a person and raised by the king and queen of Corinth They didn’t have children and so they were pleased to have one |
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Laius vs. Oedipus |
Laius finds out he survived and goes to get him from Corinth Somehow there is a battle between the two men and the prophecy is fulfulled by Oedipus killing father (but he had no idea) |
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Oedipus and Sphinx |
Continuing on to Thebes, he found that the king of the city (Laius) had been recently killed, and that the city was at the mercy of the Sphinx. Oedipus answered the monster's riddle correctly, killing it and winning the throne of the dead king - and the hand in marriage of the king's widow, (and unbeknownst to him), his mother Jocasta.
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Oedipus and the Sphinx, getting asked the riddle |
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Psychological theories on Oedipus Rex |
Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung formed theories using this story Rivalry with the parent of the same sex and sexual desire of the parent of the opposite sex The child must free himself from the terrible mother |
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Oedipus and Jocasta |
Have four children :( :o |
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Oedipus and the Herdsmen |
A herdsman reveals the truth to Oedipus and Jocasta and tells him about his father and mother and the curse and how his children are incest He ends up blinding himself |
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Oedipus at Colonus |
Oedipus isfinally purifiedand dies. |
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Antigone |
Daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta Buried her brother Polyneices even though the new King Creon said not to Locked in a cave/ tomb and hung herself |
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Seven Against Thebes |
Is the third play in an Oedipus-themed trilogy produced by Aeschylus in 467 BC |
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Eteocles and Polyneices
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Because of a curse put on them by their father Oedipus, the sons Polynices and Eteocles did not share the rule peacefully and died as a result by killing each other in a battle for the control of Thebes |
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liebestod |
Love and death motif |
