Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Gold standard for measuring adiposity? Why?
|
1. CT
2. Allows direct quantification of adipose tissue and can distinguish between visceral and superficial fat |
|
|
What are adipokines?
|
Cytokines secreted by adipose cells
|
|
|
In normal individuals, adipose tissue will secrete an increased amount of ____ and ____ relative to obese individuals.
|
1. Adiponectin
2. Omentin |
|
|
Changes in adipocytes/adipocyte related hormones in obesity?
|
1. Hypertrophic
2. Nonadipose tissue is resistent to leptin and insulin 3. Adipocytes secrete high amounts of FAs, resulting in ectopic accumulation of lipids in pancreas, liver, and skeletal muscle |
|
|
Molecular mechanism of lipotoxicity?
|
1. ER stress
2. Inflammatory response (incr. JNK, NF-kB) 3. Decreased mitochondrial function 4. Insulin resistance |
|
|
How may fat contribute to cancer development?
|
Fat that surrounds organs may act in a paracrine manner to influence tumor development or progression.
|
|
|
Inherited primary disorders of insulin action?
|
1. Donohue syndrome
2. Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome 3. Type A insulin resistance 4. HAIR-AN syndrome 5. Pseudoacromegaly |
|
|
Acquired primary disorder of insulin action?
|
Type B insulin resistance
|
|
|
Inherited lipodystrophies?
|
1. Congenital generalized lipodystrophy
2. Familial partial lipodystrophy (LMNA mutations) 3. Mandibulo-acral dysplasia (PPARy-dominant-negative mutations) |
|
|
Acquired lipodystrophies?
|
1. Acquired generalized lipodystrophy
2. Acquired partial lipodystrophy 3. HIV-associated lipodystrophy |
|
|
Relationship between insulin resistance and essential hypertension?
|
1. Increased sodium reabsorption
2. Lost vasodilatory effect of insulin 3. Increased FA mediated vasoconstriction 4. Increased SNS activity 5. Increased leptin levels (?) |
|
|
Consequences of metabolic syndrome in relation to CHD
|
1. HTN
2. Atherogenic dyslipidemia 3. Insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia 4. Impaired fibrinolysis 5. Inflammatory state |
|
|
The atherogenic metabolic triad consists of
|
1. Hyperinsulinemia
2. Small, dense, LDL particles 3. Elevated apoB concentrations |
|
|
What is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)?
|
NAFLD is the hepatic manifestaton of metabolic syndrome, and ,as such, is commonly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, HTN, and hypercholesterolemia
|
|
|
Visceral adipose tissue will increase the levels of?
|
1. Leptin
2. FFA 3. IL-6, IL-8 4. Resistin 5. TNFa 6. Visfatin These may not be the only ones, but they seem to be the most important ones. |
|
|
The three stages of NAFLD?
|
1. Fatty liver (fat accumulates in the liver)
2. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) 3. Cirrhosis, fibrosis, and in some cases hepatocellular carcinoma. |
|
|
Gold standard for diagnosing NAFLD?
|
Liver biopsy
|
|
|
Routine lab tests performed in patients with metabolic syndrome?
|
1. CBC
2. Urinalysis 3. Fasting blood lipids 4. Fasting Glc, OGTT, or HA1C 5. Uric acid serum levels 6. Serum creatinine, eGFR 7. ALT, GGT 8. Thyroid and cortisol levels |
