Chem Test 1 Non Nitrogen Compounds

Front 1

When measuring ammonia blood levels, which of the following might cause a false increase in this analyte?

Back 1

The patient had two cigarettes 15 min prior to blood being drawn.

Front 2

Which compound constitutes nearly half of the NPN substances in the blood?

Back 2

Urea

Front 3

Ammonia concentrations are usually measured to evaluate?

Back 3

Hepatic encephalopathy

Front 4

Which condition is not associated with an elevated plasma uric acid concentration?

Back 4

Allopurinol overtreatment

Front 5

Substances known to increase results when measuring creatinine by the Jaffe reaction include:

Back 5

Ascorbic acid, Alpha keto-acids and glucose

Front 6

Prerenal azotemia is caused by:

Back 6

congestive heart failure

Front 7

A technologist obtains a urea N value of 61 mg/dL and a serum creatinine of 2.5 mg/dL. This results indicate:

Back 7

Urinary tract obstruction

Front 8

Which of the following is not a NPN substance?

Back 8

Allantoin

Front 9

When calculating creatinine clearance using the MDRD equation, which of the following factors are considered?

Back 9

Identification of Ethnicity

Front 10

A urea N result of 9 mg/dL is obtained by a technologist. What is the Urea concentration?

Back 10

19.3mg/dL

Front 11

Uric acid is the final product of ?

Back 11

purine metabolism

Front 12

In the Jaffe reaction, a red-orange chromogen is formed when creatinine reacts with:

Back 12

Picric acid

Front 13

True or False? Serum creatinine levels may be falsely elevated when a patient is taking cephalosporin.

Back 13

True

Front 14

A complete deficiency in hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltranferase results in which disease?

Back 14

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

Front 15

What are the five NPN compounds?

Back 15

Urea, Creatinine, Creatine, Uric Acid, Ammonia

Front 16

What does BUN stand for?

Back 16

Blood Urea Nitrogen

Front 17

What is hyperuricemia and what causes it?

Back 17

Hyperuricemia is a over production of uric acid in the blood that is abnormally high. Causes of hyperuricemia can be classified into three functional types: increased production of uric acid, decreased excretion of uric acid, and mixed type. Causes of increased production include high levels of purine in the diet and increased purine metabolism. Causes of decreased excretion include kidney disease, certain drugs, and competition for excretion between uric acid and other molecules. Mixed causes include high levels of alcohol and/or fructose in the diet, and starvation.

Front 18

What elevates a Bun/Cr ratio?

Back 18

Prerenal conditions such as reduced renal blood flow, congestive heart failure, shock, hemorrhage, dehydration and decreasedrenal function tend to elevate plasma urea,where as plasma creatinine remains normal causing a high urea N/creatinine ratio. A high urea N/creatinine ratio with an elevated creatinine is usually seen in post renal conditions. A low urea N/creatinine ratio is observed in patients with decreased urea production, such as low protein intake, acute tubular necrosis, and severe liver disease.

Front 19

What elevates an ammonia?

Back 19

Many substances such as ammonium salts, asparaginase, barbiturates, diuretics, ethanol, hyperlimentation, narcotic analgesics, and some other drugs may increase ammonia in plasma.

-Cigarette smoking falsely increases ammonia

Front 20

An elevated BUN ^ and creatinine ^ is caused by what?

Back 20

post renal conditions such as urinary tract obstruction by renal calculi tumors of the bladder or prostate or severe infection.

Front 21

What is the Jaffe reaction? sources of error for the reaction?

Back 21

Creatinine reacts with picric acid in alkaline solution to form a red-orange chromogen. It is nonspecific and subject to interference by a large number of compounds .

Front 22

what is the final breakdown product of uric acid?

Back 22

Allantoin

Front 23

Where does creatinine come from?what is it used for?

Back 23

Creatinine is a break down product of creatine phoshate in the muscle and is excreted into the plasma at a constant rate related to muscle mass.

Used to determine the sufficiency of kid function, to determine the severity of kidney damage and to monitor the progression of kidney disease.

Front 24

What is the most common kind of kidney stone?

Back 24

calcium

Front 25

What is the color production for Jaffe?

Back 25

red-to orange chromogen.

Front 26

What is the definition of creatinine clearance?

Back 26

a measure of the amount of creatinine eliminated from the blood by the kidneys

Front 27

What are the ranges for BUN?

Back 27

In plasma or serum: 6-20 mg/dl

Front 28

What is the ranges for creatinine /creatine?

Back 28

In plasma or serum: M (0.9-1.3) F (0.6-1.1)

Front 29

What is the ranges for Uric Acid?

Back 29

In plasma or serum: M( 5.5-7.2 mg/dL) F(2.6-6.0 mg/dL)
Child (2.0-5.5)

Front 30

What is the ranges for ammonia?

Back 30

In serum/plasma: (19-60 md/dL)