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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In what stage of Mitosis does DNA get replicated? |
During the S or Synthesis part of Interphase. |
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What are the two parts of the Cell Cycle? |
Interphase (G1, S & G2) and Mitosis |
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What are the five stages of Mitosis? |
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase |
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What types of cells never divide? |
Muscle cells, nervous system cells, most organ cells. |
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Describe Interphase (6). |
*Interphase is composed of G1, S and G2.
*In G1 the DNA is long and stringy *In S (synthesis) the DNA replicates *In G2 the DNA attaches to the Spindle *The Centriole gets copied *Nucleolus is still visible |
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Describe Prophase (6). |
* Spotty nucleus * Chromatin condenses into chromosomes * The nucleus looks like a bag of worms * The nuclear envelope breaks * The Nucleolus disappears * The Spindle attaches to the chromosomes and begins moving them around |
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Describe Metaphase (3). |
* Chromosomes all lined up! * Metaphase plate is obvious * Centromeres in the center of the chromosomes are connected to the Centrosomes by spindle fibers in preparation for Anaphase |
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Describe Anaphase (2). |
* Sister Chromatids are pulled apart by the spindles/spindle fibers * Chromatids are headed for the poles of the cell |
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Describe Telophase (3). |
* Chromosomes decondense into chromatin * The nuclear envelope begins to reform * The cell pinches in, creating a cleavage furrow in preparation for Cytokinesis which will form the two new cells |
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What happens if a cell does not "pass" a checkpoint (G1, S & G2) in the cell cycle? |
The cell will go into G-zero, which means it becomes dormant and will not undergo mitosis. |
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What are the four things that Cyndi talked about in class, requirements/facts about normal cells? |
1. A cell will only divide about 25 times. 2. Density Dependent Inhibition - if there are too many cells around a cell it is too crowded and won't divide. 3. Anchorage Dependence - Cells have to be anchored or attached to something. 4. Cells require growth factors. |
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What are the four things that Cyndi talked about in class, requirements/facts about cancerous cells? |
1. Cancer cells are constantly dividing, they start and stop at random spots throughout mitosis. 2. Cancer cells form tumors, clumps of cells, they have no Density Dependent Inhibition. 3. Does not need to be anchored, can travel by the lymph or blood systems - metastasis. 4. Cancer cells make their own growth factors. |
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What are Hela cells? |
* 1951 - the biopsy of a woman with aggressive cervical cancer at Johns Hopkins. * The cells are still dividing after 53 years. * Have been sold to colleges/labs etc. by Johns Hopkins for years. |
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What does it mean when a tumor is benign? |
The clump of cells stays in one place, do not metastasize. Benign = kindly |
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What does it mean when a tumor is malignant? |
* Evil clumps of cells * Can break off of a tumor and find a new place to grow = metastasize |
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What are Lymph Nodes? |
A filtering system for your blood. They will show if a cancer has metastasized. |
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How do Chemotherapy & Radiation fight cancer? |
* They attack rapidly dividing (cancer) cells. * They can also affect hair and skin cells, because those cells rapidly divide as well. |
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What is Taxol? |
A breast cancer drug that inhibits mitosis by keeping spindle fibers from forming. |
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What is an Angiotensin Inhibitor? |
It starves cancer cells by cutting off their blood supply. |
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What is called "a disease of mitosis"? |
Cancer, because it is formed by rapidly dividing cells. |
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What is the "Gas Pedal" of cell division? |
Protoncogenes: they stimulate cells to divide in a regulated manner * Mutate into oncogenes ---> cancer |
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What is the "Break Pedal" of cell division? |
Tumor Suppressor Genes * Inhibit cell division * If they mutate, they can't do their job ---> cancer |
