Chapters 16-18 - Carlton & Adler

Front 1

Define asepsis.

Back 1

Freedom from infection

Front 2

What are bacteria?

Back 2

Prokaryotic, single cell organisms

Front 3

What is a cyst?

Back 3

Protective wall enclosing certain parasites offering protection

Front 4

Define dimorphic.

Back 4

Occurring in two distinct forms

Front 5

Define disease.

Back 5

Deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of any part, organ or system of the body.

Front 6

What are disenfectants?

Back 6

Chemicals used to free an environment of pathogens.

Front 7

What are eukaryotes?

Back 7

Organism with cells that have a true nucleus

Front 8

What is flora?

Back 8

The microbial community found in a healthy person

Front 9

What is a fomite?

Back 9

An object, which is not usually harmful, but can harbor pathogens

Front 10

What are fungi?

Back 10

A group of eukaryotic protists having a cell wall, but no chlorophyll

Front 11

Define host.

Back 11

Animal or plant that harbors or nourishes another organism

Front 12

Define iatrogenic.

Back 12

Resulting form the activity of healthcare workers

Front 13

What is medical asepsis?

Back 13

Reduction in the numbers of infectious agents, thereby reducing the incidence of infection

Front 14

What is meant by the term nosocomial?

Back 14

Originating in the hospital

Front 15

What are pathogens?

Back 15

Disease-producing microorganisms

Front 16

What are prokaryotes?

Back 16

Cells that lack a true nucleus

Front 17

What are protozoa?

Back 17

Single cell organisms

Front 18

What is meant by the term reservoir?

Back 18

A passive host that carries a pathogenic organism without injury to itself

Front 19

What are standard precautions?

Back 19

Precautions to prevent the transmission of disease by body fluids and substances

Front 20

What is meant by sterilization?

Back 20

Complete destruction of all living microorganisms

Front 21

What is surgical asepsis?

Back 21

Procedure used to prevent contamination by microbes before, during or after surgery - sterile technique

Front 22

What is a vaccine?

Back 22

Attenuated or killed microorganisms administered for the prevention of infectious disease

Front 23

What is a vector?

Back 23

A carrier that transfers an infective agent

Front 24

What is a virion?

Back 24

A complete viral particle with a nucleoid and capsid.

Front 25

What is a virus?

Back 25

A group of infectious agents, not seen in a microscope, and characterized by a lack of independent metabolism. Viruses can only replicate in a host cell

Front 26

What are the processes of infection?

Back 26

1) Encounter

2) Entry

3) Spread

4) Multiplication

5) Damage

6) Outcome

Front 27

What is meant by 'chemotherapy' in infectious disease?

Back 27

Killing of a foreign microbe within a host.

Both static and cidal agents are used

Front 28

What is the single most important means of preventing the spread of infection?

Back 28

Hand washing

Front 29

How much of the arm should be washed?

Back 29

Elbow thru hand

Front 30

(T/F)

Needles should be recapped after use.

Back 30

F

Front 31

What are airborne precautions?

Back 31

Used for infections that can be transmitted through the air. Patients in a negative pressure room and healthcare workers need to wear respiratory protection

Front 32

What are droplet precautions?

Back 32

Large droplets required for transmission of infection (3-feet tranmission distance. Surgical mask required

Front 33

What are contact precaution?

Back 33

Pathogen spreads by physical contact. Gloves, gown and hand washing required

Front 34

What is angiography?

Back 34

Radiographic procedure to visualize blood vessels

Front 35

What is a Foley catheter?

Back 35

An indwelling catheter retained in the bladder to drain urine

Front 36

What is an isolette

Back 36

Incubator used for premature infants

Front 37

What is the lithotomy position?

Back 37

Also called to dorsosacral position.

Patient supine with knees and hips flexed and thighs adducted.

Used for procedures of the perineum

Front 38

What is a lymphangiogram?

Back 38

Radiographic visualization of the lymphatic system

Front 39

What is meant by purulent?

Back 39

Containing pus

Front 40

What is meant by the term 'serous'?

Back 40

Having a thin and watery constitution.

Front 41

What is meant by the term 'subungual'?

Back 41

Beneath the finger- or toenail

Front 42

What is the Trendelenburg position

Back 42

Patient supine with head down 30 - 40 degrees

Front 43

What is the urinary meatus?

Back 43

External urethral orifce

Front 44

What is a voiding cystourethrogram

Back 44

Radiographic procedure in which contrast is placed in the bladder and images obtained before, during and after urination.

Front 45

What is a pacemaker?

Back 45

Electromechanical devices used to regulate heart rate

Front 46

What is a colostomy?

Back 46

Surgical creation of an opening between the colon and the surface of the body

Front 47

Where is the perineum?

Back 47

Region between the thighs bounded by the anus and scrotum or vulva

Front 48

What is viscosity?

Back 48

Physical property of liquids that determines the internal resistance to shear forces (thickness of the liquid)

Front 49

What different types of enemas exist?

Back 49

1) Tap water (hypotonic)

2) Hypertonic

3) Saline (safest)

4) Soapsuds solution

5) Oil (sometimes called retention enema)