Chapters 14&15, 19 Micro

Front 1

pathogen?

Back 1

a organism capable of causing disease

Front 2

symbiosis
sym=?

Back 2

a relationsip that two organisms living together have
-normal flora

Front 3

mutualism

Back 3

both members benefit
-Termites& the bacteria that’s in their gut that digest the wood

Front 4

parasitism

Back 4

one member benfits the other is harmed

Front 5

commensalism

Back 5

somewhere in between
-normal flora on your skin

Front 6

contamination

Back 6

microorganisms are present

Front 7

infection

Back 7

multiplication of any parasitic organism either in or on the host body
-bacteria, fungi, etc

Front 8

disease

Back 8

any disturbance in the state of health where in the body cannot perform its normal functions

Front 9

pathogenicity

Back 9

the degree to which an organism can cause disease
-mycobacterium TB
-staphylococcus epidermis-the natural bacteria on your skin

Front 10

virulence

Back 10

refers to the intensity of the disease produced by the organism

Front 11

animal passage

Back 11

often diseases become more virulent as they pass through individuals
ex: influeza-as it's gone through person to person it gained virulence..elderly and children can die

Front 12

attenuation

Back 12

the weakening of the disease producing ability of a pathogen
-can be used for vaccines bc it's a weakened form

Front 13

how many cells in the human body?
how many x more bacteria?

Back 13

10trill.
10x

Front 14

normal microbiota?aka?
2 types?

Back 14

those MOs that live in the body but do not cause disease (aka normal flora)
resident and transient

Front 15

resident microbiota?

Back 15

the MO that are always present on the human body

Front 16

transient microbiota?

Back 16

the MO that may be present at any given time if the conditions are right

Front 17

what is always in your gut unless you've been taking alot of antibiotic?

Back 17

ecoli

Front 18

opportunists?
examples?

Back 18

normally don't cause disease, but if the conditions are right they can produce disease
-ex: reak havoc on patients w/ aids, intro to different body site: ecoli going from intestinal tract to urethra-most common pathogen for uti's

Front 19

under what 3 conditions can opportunists produce disease?

Back 19

1. failure of the immune system
2. intro to a different body site
3. disturbances of the normal balances of MO

Front 20

10 classes of human disease?

Back 20

inherited, congenital, degenerative, nutritional, endocrine, mental, immunological, neoplastic, iatrogenic, idiopathic

Front 21

define&ex:
inherited?

Back 21

caused by mistakes in the DNA that are inherited from the parents
-sickle cell anemia

Front 22

congenital?

Back 22

structural and functional diseases that are present at birth, caused by drugs, radiation, and certain infections
-TORCH

Front 23

degenerative

Back 23

develop in the body as a part of the aging process or as a body system begins to degenerate
-endocarditis

Front 24

nutritional

Back 24

arise form a lack of a specific nutrient
-diptheria-if a person lacks iron, they're more susceptible

Front 25

endocrine

Back 25

excess or deficiency in any hormone
-juvenile onset diabetes could be caused by mumps

Front 26

mental

Back 26

damage to either brain tissue or brain function
-syphilis or mad cow disease

Front 27

immunological
-immunodeficiency?
-autoimmune?

Back 27

diseases of the immune system
-HIV/aids(immunodeficiency), lupis(autoimmune)
-not enough immunity
-the immune system attacks itself

Front 28

neoplastic

Back 28

abnormal cell growth
-cancer, HPV

Front 29

Iatrogenic

Back 29

caused by medical procedures
-nosocomial infections

Front 30

Idiopathic

Back 30

diseases of unknown origin
-possibly alzthimers

Front 31

what are the 2 types of diseases? define

Back 31

communicable=those diseases which can be spread from one person to another
noncommunicable=those diseases which cannot be spread

Front 32

examples of communicable

Back 32

flu, cold, TB

Front 33

examples of noncommunicable

Back 33

infections caused by a persons normal flora(uti)
infections caused by environmental exposure(from cuts and abrasions from an accident)
poisoning caused by the ingestion of a preformation(botulism-food poisoning)

Front 34

virulence factors
-an ex?

Back 34

special structures or physiological characteristics that help MO's cause disease
-a capsule

Front 35

adhesions?
most adhesions are ?
usually found where?
most adhesions are also ___ factors?

Back 35

proteins or glycoproteins that give the bacteria the ability to "stick" to the cells of the body
-cell type specific
-as a part of the attachment pili(fimbrea) or capsules
-antiphagocytic

Front 36

colonization?
-what must happen w/ the pathogens?

Back 36

growth of the MO on an epithelial surface or mucous membrane
-they must survive and reproduce despite host defense mechanisms

Front 37

invasiveness?
some bacteria release __ to help them invade?

Back 37

the ability to invade and grown in host tissues
-digestive enzymes

Front 38

examples of some invasive virulence factors
hyaluronidase?ex?

Back 38

an enzyme that digests hyaluronic acid which is the "glue" that holds certain types of cells together
-streptococcus pyogenes(flesh-eating bacteria)

Front 39

Coagulase?ex?

Back 39

an enzyme that accelerates the coagulation of blood
-staphylococcus aureus

Front 40

what does staphylococcus aureus do?

Back 40

it ties itself up with fibrin, and protects the staph by using something from the body so the body's organisms cannot get to it. makes it more virulent

Front 41

streptokinase?

Back 41

an enzyme that breaks down the blood clot

Front 42

what do intracellular MOs do?

Back 42

they get through the body by taking a free ride on the WBC's it makes these organisms more virulent

Front 43

what are 2 ex of intracellular MOs? they do what?

Back 43

mycobacterium TB and neisseria gonorrhea
-can survive inside phagocytic cells to gain access to the deeper parts of the body

Front 44

what are hemolysins?
2 types?

Back 44

exotoxins that lyse RBCs
-alpha and beta

Front 45

what do alpha hemolysins do?

Back 45

lyse RBCs and partially break down Hb resulting in a greenish ring around the bacterial colonies(when grown on blood agar)

Front 46

what do beta hemolysins do?

Back 46

lyse RBCs and completely break down the Hb

Front 47

what does the exotoxin, leukocidin do?

Back 47

destroy neutrophils and macrophages

Front 48

what does the exotoxin, leukostatin do?

Back 48

interferes with the ability of phagocytes to ingest bacteria
-all toxemia

Front 49

what are the 2 kinds of bacterial toxins?

Back 49

exotoxins and endotoxins

Front 50

what are exotoxins?where are they found?

Back 50

toxins that are released from the bacterial cell into the host while the bacteria is still alive
-cell wall

Front 51

what are endotoxins?

Back 51

part of the gram negative cell wall that is released when the bacteria die-LPS(lipopolysaccharide)
-ppl can get worse on antibiotics when they have a gram - cell wall

Front 52

intoxication?ex?

Back 52

ingestion of a toxin
-clostridium botulinium-botulism(food poisoning)

Front 53

toxin tissue specificity
what are 2 ex of toxins that are tissue specific?

Back 53

neurotoxins-attack nervous sytem
enterotoxins-attack intestinal tract

Front 54

what are toxoids?ex?

Back 54

modified toxins that are no longer harmful, and can be used as vaccines
-tetanis vaccine

Front 55

how do viruses cause disease?

Back 55

viruses can cause disease ONLY after they attach and penetrate the host cell

Front 56

Cytopathic effects?define

Back 56

(CPE) are the observable changes that occur in a cell following virus infection

Front 57

list the 4 types of viral infections?

Back 57

productive, abortive, latent, persistant

Front 58

what happens in a productive viral infection?

Back 58

the virus can attach, penetrate, and replicate

Front 59

what happens in an abortive viral infection?

Back 59

the virus can attach and penetrat, but not all of the viral genes are produced, so the virus cannot replicate

Front 60

what happens in a latent viral infection?ex?

Back 60

after the initial infection the virus lays "dormant" in a specific cell type(usually a nerve cell) and can reactivate later in life(chicken pox- shingles)

Front 61

what happens in a persistant viral infection?ex?

Back 61

following infection the virally infected tissue continues to make infectious particles for a long period of time (Hepatitis B)

Front 62

what is a sign?

Back 62

a characteristic of a specific disease that can be observed by examining the patient (rash, runny nose, fever, etc.)

Front 63

what is a symptom?

Back 63

are characteristics of disease that can only be felt by the patient (pain, nausea, sore throat)

Front 64

whats a syndrome? most infections cause a syndrome known as the ___ ___?

Back 64

a combination of signs and symptoms that occur together and are indicative of a particular disorder
inflammatory response

Front 65

define sequelae?ex?

Back 65

the after effects of a disease
-polio--paralysis
-strep throat--rhematic fever can occur

Front 66

acute disease?ex?

Back 66

disease in which symptoms develop rapidly and that runs its course quickly
-cold, flu, measles, chicken pox

Front 67

chronic disease?ex?

Back 67

disease in which symptoms develop slowly and disease is slow to disappear
-TB

Front 68

subacute disease?ex?

Back 68

disease with symptoms intermediate between acute and chronic
-gingivitis or gum diseaes

Front 69

latent disease?ex?

Back 69

disease in which symtoms appear and/or reappear long after infection
-shingles

Front 70

local infection?ex?

Back 70

infection confined to a small region of the body, such as a boil or bladder infection
-bladder infection

Front 71

focal infection?ex?

Back 71

infection in a confined region from which pathogens travel to other regions of the body, such as an absessed tooth or infected sinuses
-sinus infection

Front 72

systemic infection?ex?

Back 72

infection in which the pathogen is spread throughout the body, often traveling through blood or lymph
-pneumonia

Front 73

septicemia?

Back 73

presence and multiplication of pathogens in blood

Front 74

bacterimia?

Back 74

-presence and multiplication of bacteria in blood

Front 75

viremia?

Back 75

presence but not multiplication of viruses in blood

Front 76

toxemia?

Back 76

presence of toxins in blood

Front 77

sapremia?ex?

Back 77

presence of metabolic products of saprophytes in blood
-can be fungi; a person can be drunk w/out drinking anything by having a specific strand of candida(yeast)

Front 78

primary infection?ex?

Back 78

infection in a previously healthy person
-strep, TB, anything

Front 79

secondary infection?ex?

Back 79

infection that immediately follows a primary infection
-septicemia could come after pnemonia

Front 80

superinfection?ex?

Back 80

secondary infection that is usually caused by an agent resistant to the treatment for the primary infection
-yeast infection or clostridium dificil

Front 81

mixed infection?ex?

Back 81

infection caused by two or more pathogens
-much more difficult to treat bc of different susceptibility levels

Front 82

inapparent infection?ex?

Back 82

infection that fails to produce full set of signs and symptoms
-hepetitis B

Front 83

what are the 5 phases of infectious disease in order?

Back 83

incubation, prodromal, illness, decline, convalescence

Front 84

incubation phase?
leprosy?

Back 84

the stage during which the person does not know they are infected, however, they are usually contagious
-1 ceell divides every 12 days

Front 85

prodromal phase?

Back 85

you know you don't feel well, but you are not quite sure what you feel, still infectious

Front 86

illness phase?

Back 86

the period during which you have the specific signs and symptoms of the infectious disease that you are growing
-the battle between the immune system and the MO is at its height

Front 87

decline phase?

Back 87

the immune system w/o treatment regimen begin to win the battle

Front 88

convalescence period?

Back 88

the recovery period, the body must regain the strength that it used while fighting the disease

Front 89

things that reduce infectious disease?

Back 89

vaccines, antibiotics, antiseptics, clean h2o, and sanitation, increase in med technology

Front 90

besides resistance and ppl not getting vaccinated, things that cause disease is?

Back 90

HIV

Front 91

define epidemiology?

Back 91

the study of factors and mechanisms involved in the spread of disease
-who, where, when, how

Front 92

incidence vs. prevalence
ex?

Back 92

-# of new cases-total # of people infected

Front 93

mobidity vs. mortality
ex?

Back 93

sickness-death

Front 94

endemic?ex?

Back 94

constant level of infection
-colds

Front 95

epidemic?ex?

Back 95

sudden increase in the number of cases
-flu

Front 96

pandemic?ex?

Back 96

world-wide epidemic
-HIV&aids. health officials are afraid of bird flu coming into contact w/ human flu virus& is transmitted by respiratory; makes lungs the consistancy of pudding

Front 97

sporadic?ex?

Back 97

random and unpredictable
-plague

Front 98

St Louis encephalitis?

Back 98

rise in cases due to nonimmune bird population and large mosquito population

Front 99

what are 3 reservoirs of infection?

Back 99

human, animal, nonliving reservoirs

Front 100

human reservoir of infection?ex?

Back 100

carriers, ppl who are infected but do not have observable signs or symptoms of disease
-TB, meningitis, strep throat

Front 101

animal reservoir of infection?ex?

Back 101

about 150 infectious agents can infect both man and animals
-zoonosus-the agents that can infect both man&animals;rabies

Front 102

nonliving reservoirs of infection?ex?

Back 102

fomites(inanimate object), fecal material, other non-living stuff
-fomites(doorknobs, phones, etc)

Front 103

what are the 3 modes of transmission?

Back 103

contact, vehicle transmission, and vector transmission

Front 104

what are 3 examples for the contact mode of transmission?

Back 104

direct contact(person to person), indirect contact(fomites), droplets(cough, sneeze, etc)

Front 105

what are 3 example for the vehicle transmission?

Back 105

waterborne(drinking water), airborne-on dust particles(may overlap contact), food borne

Front 106

what are 2 ex. of vector transmission?

Back 106

mechanical(the feet and mouth parts of house flies), biological(usually by biting of fleas(plague) and ticks(limes disease))

Front 107

Special Problems:
carriers don't know what?
STDs-most STDs for women don't what?

Back 107

-they are infected
-have signs or symptoms

Front 108

many diseases lie ___ for years and then reemerge to kill many ppl.

Back 108

dormant

Front 109

ex. of disease cycle?

Back 109

Bubonic plague
-killed 200,000ppl in 4m b4 traveling to Europe&China
-caused by Yersinia pestis(rodent population)
-for about 500 yrs it was gone
-in 1346 it resurfaced and killed 1/3 of the pop. of Europe
-17th century, England
-18th century, France
-20th century, India

Front 110

the proportion of individuals in a group of ppl that is immune to a disease?

Back 110

herd immunity

Front 111

diseases have a hard time propagating if most of the population is ___?
this is why a small # of ppl in the USA can avoid what?

Back 111

immune
vaccination

Front 112

what are 4 ways of control of disease transmission?

Back 112

isolation, quarantine, immunization, vector control

Front 113

what is isolation?

Back 113

the patient is separated from the general pop.(usually in the hospital

Front 114

define quarantine?

Back 114

the separation of "healthy" ppl from the pop. following exposure to an infectious agent
-prevents the spread of disease during its incubation period

Front 115

define immunization?

Back 115

creating "herd immunity" in a pop. by vaccinating against a specific agent

Front 116

define vector control?

Back 116

killing the organisms that carry the disease, mosquito control is a good ex.

Front 117

what are the 2 public health organizations?

Back 117

Centers for Disease Control(CDC)
World Health Organization(WHO)

Front 118

what is a notifiable disease?

Back 118

diseases which must be reported to the CDC by the person diagnosing the condition

Front 119

nosos=?
komeo=?

Back 119

=disease
=to take care of

Front 120

how many ppl aquire nosocomial(hospital acquired infections) each year?
how many of them are fatal?

Back 120

2million
20,000

Front 121

what are the top 3 sites of nosocomial infections? ex of each?

Back 121

urinary tract(uti's-common bc of catheders; kidney infection)
respiratory tract(pneumonia)
surgical wounds

Front 122

what are the top 3 MOs seen in nosocomials?which is the most common?

Back 122

e. coli, staphylococcus aureaus, and streptococcus

Front 123

what 2 things does staphylococcus aureaus include?

Back 123

MRSA, VRSA

Front 124

what does streptococcus include?

Back 124

enterococcus

Front 125

when&why were the universal precautions "guidelines" created?
applies to ___ ____?

Back 125

1988 bc of concern that the AIDS virus would be transmitted in the health care setting
-all patients

Front 126

Some Important Universal Precautions and Recommendations from the CDC:

Back 126

1. Wear gloves&gowns if soiling of hand, exposed skin, or clothing wiht blood or body fluids is a likely
2. Wear masks&protective eywear or chin-legnth plastic facesheilds whenever splashing of blood or body fluid is likely; a mask alone is not sufficient
3.Wash hands b4 and after patient contact, and after removal of gloves. Change gloves b4 ea. patient
4. Use disposable mouthpiece/airway for CPR
5.Discard contaminated needles and other sharp items immediatly into special disposal. Needles must not be bent, clipped or recapped
6. Clean spills of blood or contaminated fluids by 1) putting on gloves&any other barriers needed 2)wiping up with disposable towels 3)washing w/ soap&water 4)disinfecting with a 1:10 solution of household bleach&water Allow it to stand on surface for at lease 10min. Bleach solution should not have been prepared more than 24hrs beforehand

Front 127

skin is a ____ defense, is a physical barrier that secretes ___ chemicals.

Back 127

nonspecific
antimicrobial

Front 128

Skin as a defense against MO:
-__&___ secretions
-___ ___ that prevents water-soluble substances from entering the body
-what is sebum?

Back 128

acidic&salty
-waterproofing keratin
-an oily substance thta provides nutrients for normal flora& keeps skin at an acidic pH that discourages pathogen growth

Front 129

bacterial skin diseases generally require what?

Back 129

a break in the skin barrier

Front 130

staphylococcal infections: what is the form that virtually all ppl are colonized by within 24hrs after birth?

Back 130

staph aureus

Front 131

staphylococcus aureua dn other species (general info):
grows how?
common where? halotolerant?
resistant to many ___
virulence factors(skin)
-3 factors?
spread how?
diagnosis?
treatment?
prevention

Back 131

-grows in clumps or clusters
-common flora of skin and hair, grows in sweat(halotolerant-salt tolerant)
-many antibiotics
-Protein A-antiphagocytic(meaning it keeps it from being phagocytized)
-coagulase-it will utilize the fibrin in the clot to protect itself
-exfoliation
-spread by direct contact
-culture
-some penicillins and vancomycin; some very resistant
-wash hands

Front 132

staph abscesses are usually what?
-prevents ____
-limits ___ ___

Back 132

encapsulated
-septicemia
-antibiotic access

Front 133

what is septicemia?

Back 133

its a blood infection that multiplies

Front 134

with staph abscesses what is sometimes necessary?

Back 134

lancingf

Front 135

staph infections are what?

Back 135

highly contagious esp. in older patients

Front 136

scalded skin syndrome is only occurs by Staph. aureus is the exotoxin ____ is produced.
__#? forms of the toxin. found in 2 different places?either can cause scalded skin syndrome

Back 136

exfoliation
-2
-chromosome, plasmid

Front 137

what are 2 rare occurences w/ scalded skin syndrome?
how many strains of this are there?antibodies can only protect when?

Back 137

-septicemia&death
-2
-only if it occurs by the same strain

Front 138

how are streptococcal infections spread?

Back 138

direct contact&aerosols

Front 139

the rapid test for streptococcal infections is only about __% specific..so __% goes undiagnosed

Back 139

90, 10

Front 140

how many different types of toxin have been isolated in cases of scarlet fever? Each can cause it __ bc each is a good antigent.

Back 140

3

Front 141

People w/ scarlet fever can be ___ carriers, and ___ are a source of transmission.

Back 141

asymptotic; fomites

Front 142

Before antibiotics, Erysipelas occured often when?__ was high. Is it common today?

Back 142

after wounds and surgery; mortality
-no

Front 143

infection for erysipelas occurs where and spreads along what?

Back 143

at the sight on injury; along lymphatic lines

Front 144

what does the disease erysipelas tend to do? why?

Back 144

reoccur, no good protective immunity

Front 145

hemolytic streptococci does what?

Back 145

breaks down blood

Front 146

impetigo is a highly contagious form of what?
-it travels rapidly on ___
-occurs commonly in what age groups?
-rarely__, but can cause__
-common in what school sport?

Back 146

pyoderma
-fomites
-college kids and down
-scars; loss of pigment
-wrestling

Front 147

wat is acne?
wat is the single most effective treatment for it?

Back 147

infection of the sebaceous glands
-frequent skin cleansing

Front 148

scarring can persist in acne if ___ form from repeated infection

Back 148

-granulomas

Front 149

what are side effects of acutane?
-makes ur body think you're overdosing on __

Back 149

depression, severe birth defects, liver damage
-vitamin A

Front 150

burn infections can be caused by nosocomial infections through ___ and ___.

Back 150

common water and plant bacteria

Front 151

You need really good ____ tests for burn infections. ___antibiotics are used.

Back 151

susceptibility
-polymyxins

Front 152

2 types of bacteria can cause problems in burn patients?

Back 152

serratia and providencia

Front 153

what is an eschar?

Back 153

a scab that forms over a burn

Front 154

bacteria growing under the eschar are the problem, they can cause a local infection easily reach the blood and cause a life threatening ___.

Back 154

septicemia

Front 155

delivering antibiotics to burn infections is difficult bc there is no ___ of the eschar.

Back 155

vascularization

Front 156

____ of the wound in a burn patient allow antibiotics to prevent infection.

Back 156

debridment

Front 157

what are 3 reasons why burn patients are difficult to treat?

Back 157

-they dont eat well
-they have electrolyte imbalances
-they have no skin

Front 158

diagnosis for burn patients is___.
what are 2 signs of a pseudomonas infection.

Back 158

greenish discoloration or grape-like odor

Front 159

gas gangrene has ___ ___

Back 159

obligate anaerobes

Front 160

spores in gas gangrene do what?they are___.

Back 160

germinate and grow, causing extensive damage; resistant

Front 161

exotoxins and enzymes such as ___,__,and___ do what 2 things?

Back 161

collangenases, proteases, and lipases; kill other host cells and extent the anaerobic environment

Front 162

Gas gangrene occurs within __-__hrs after injury.

Back 162

12-48

Front 163

what does gas gangrene look like under a scope?

Back 163

box-car, large rods

Front 164

Rubella(german measles) is infectious __days prior to rash, and then for __more days
__-__%carrier rate

Back 164

5;10
25-50%

Front 165

when would congenital rubella syndrome be caused in the pregnancy? how? what happens to the baby?

Back 165

-1st 9 weeks of pregnancy
-happens if mother has had contact w/ measles in the first 9weeks&isn't immune
-often child born blind, deaf, or stillborn

Front 166

rubella is contagious is almost all what?

Back 166

body fluids

Front 167

very low incidence of rubella in the USA since the development of the__ vaccine in the late ___. __shots are recommended

Back 167

MMRV; 1960s; booster

Front 168

what is a titer?

Back 168

a titer checks to see wat your antibody level against that disease is--if you're sill immune

Front 169

the measles virus gains entry through 3 places?

Back 169

nose, mouth, or eyes

Front 170

symptoms for measles appear within __-__days
it's most infectious when?

Back 170

9-21
-during prodrome stage

Front 171

what is sequelae?when does it occur?

Back 171

subacute sclerosing panencephalitis(SSPE)
-occurs 6-8yrs after infection by measles, usually in children who had it b4 age 3(lays dormant for those yrs)
-nearly 100%fatal
-due to the persistance of measles in brain tissue and causes death to nerve cells

Front 172

how does the varicella-zoster virus(causing chicken pox or shingles) enter the body?

Back 172

via upper repiratory&eyes

Front 173

how does the this virus work in spreading throughout body?

Back 173

replicates at the site of entry and then enters the blood stream, release of these viruses causes fever and malaise

Front 174

when do lesions for chicken pox normally appear?children are normally infectious __hrs before skin lesions appear.

Back 174

14-16 days after exposure
-48

Front 175

lesions appear for __-__days in cycles that coincide w/ __ __

Back 175

2-4, virus replication

Front 176

usually though of as a mild disease of childhood, but it can be fatal if the virus invades the __ extensively..called what?it can happen in adults!

Back 176

lungs; chicken pox pneumonia

Front 177

varicella-zoster is a herpes virus it can lie dormant in __ __-dorsal root ganglion

Back 177

nerve cells

Front 178

recurrence of zoster provides a ___ for immunity

Back 178

booster

Front 179

shingles are __ viruses reside in the __&__.

Back 179

latent; cranium, spine

Front 180

reactivated, the viruses spread from the __ along the __

Back 180

ganglion; pathway of the associated nerve

Front 181

the latent virus is activated when cell mediated immunity drops due to 4 possible reasons?

Back 181

cancers, spinal cord injury, heavy metal poisoning, immunosuppression

Front 182

Chicken pox is an ___disease
highest incidence between __&__
ages?for shingles too?

Back 182

endemic
marcha and april
5-9; over 45

Front 183

how is it spread?

Back 183

repiritory; and contact w/ lesions

Front 184

genome for warts effects the body how?

Back 184

it integrates itself into the DNA-lifelong

Front 185

what is dermatophytes?

Back 185

fungal skin disease; fungi that invade keratinized tissue

Front 186

what is dermatomycosis?

Back 186

fungal skin disease; fungi that invade the deeper tissues of the skin

Front 187

ringworm is an example of a?
what is the genus name for ringworms?
tinea capitus?

Back 187

dermatophyte
-tinea
-scalp ringworm

Front 188

fungal skin disease(ex:ringworm): is spread by? often difficult to __? is treated w/ ?

Back 188

contact
-eradicate
-anti-fungals
-

Front 189

tinea pedis is what?
how do u prevent? is it contagious?

Back 189

-athelete's foot, fungal infection
-prevent by keeping feet clean&dry; highly contagious

Front 190

what are the 2 subcutaneous fungal infections?

Back 190

sporotrichosis and blastomycosis

Front 191

which subcutaneous fungal infection is from plants&common in the Mississippi valley?

Back 191

sporotrichosis

Front 192

what subcutaneous fungal infection is common in the soil of teh central and southeastern states?

Back 192

blastomycosis

Front 193

what's known as the "rose-gardeners disease?"

Back 193

sporotrichosis

Front 194

what is granuloma?

Back 194

the interaction between tissue and blood cells

Front 195

how does blastomycosis enter the body?

Back 195

through the skin&lungs

Front 196

candida can also invade __ if they are under water for long periods of time

Back 196

nails

Front 197

candida is very common in ____

Back 197

aids patients

Front 198

what is madura foot caused by?

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true fungi&actinomycetes
-occurs in tropics
-amputation often necessary(remember the pic!!!)

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what is swimmer's itch caused by?

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schistosomes
-occurs throughout the Midwest especially in the grate lakes area
-organism only grows close to shore
-organism burrows in skin

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what are ophthalmia neonatorums?

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pryogenic eye infections of the newborn

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define Keratitis?

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an inflammation of the cornea-can progress to blindness

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what disease is the leading cause of preventative blindness in teh world?

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trachoma

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how many ppl have trachoma?
how many are already blind?

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500mill
20mill

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what are 2 ways of transfer of trachoma?

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flies(as vectors)
-human transfer

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what are the 2 different types of parasitic eye disease?caused by wat?

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river blindness: a larvae of roundworm
loaiasis: caused by loa loa worm

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what is the vector for river blindness?

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black flies
-in some villages almost all of the ppl who reach age 30 are blind