Chapters 1-3 Anthropology Matters

Front 1

Applied Anthropology

Back 1

The practical application of the knowledge to consumer research and marketing programs

Front 2

Cultural Relativism

Back 2

The principle that each culture and its practices are unique and valid in their own right, and must be viewed within the context of that culture.

Front 3

Culture Shock

Back 3

A feeling of disorientation, confusion, and irritability that results from living in an unfamiliar foreign environment

Front 4

Ethical Dilemma

Back 4

Conflicting views on what is ethical or not

Front 5

Ethnographer

Back 5

person who conducts anthropological fieldwork (first hand collection of descriptive data)

Front 6

Ethnography

Back 6

End result of anthropological fieldwork, written description of the people and their life, known as an ethnography

Front 7

Fieldwork

Back 7

Ethnographic research

Front 8

Gender

Back 8

a cultural construct that gives us our social identity, status, and roles in society based on our sexual identity and expected gender roles in society

Front 9

Indigenous Peoples

Back 9

Members of cultures who self-identify as the original inhabitants of the land based on a long history of habitation

Front 10

Inequality

Back 10

unequal access among individuals, usually to wealth, power, and status, but also on the basis of gender, class, etc.

Front 11

Rite of passage

Back 11

rituals that mark important stages of an individual's life, for example, puberty

Front 12

Participant Observation

Back 12

a research method whereby an anthropologist lives with the study group

Front 13

Quantitative Research

Back 13

measurable data

Front 14

key informant

Back 14

member of the community that helps ethnographer emerge

Front 15

applied economic anthropology

Back 15

applying anthropological knowledge to to consumer marketing and research projects

Front 16

business/corporate anthropology

Back 16

anthropologists working in the private industry and applying anthropology terms to the business

Front 17

class

Back 17

a segment of society where individuals share similar economic and educational status and lifestyle

Front 18

economic anthropology

Back 18

focuses on production, distribution, and consumption in a small scale and industrial societies

Front 19

consumer behaviour

Back 19

the behaviours of consumers (way they shop, what they buy, expectations for shopping experience)

Front 20

corporate ethnography

Back 20

anthropologists working in a corperate environemnt to improve profitability and marketability by employing ethnographic methods

Front 21

economic anthropology

Back 21

Front 22

ethics

Back 22

rules not to cross any boundaries to protect privacy, not interfere etc

Front 23

gendered behaviour

Back 23

differences in behaviour based on gender identity

Front 24

participant observation

Back 24

anthropologist lives with the study group, learns languages, emerces, etc

Front 25

retail/consumer anthropology

Back 25

study of peoples shopping behaviour

Front 26

applied linguistic anthropology

Back 26

providing solutions to linguistic issues, such as language rivitalization programs

Front 27

endangered languages

Back 27

have few speakers and are in immidiate danger of dissapearing

Front 28

heritage language

Back 28

languages that have a long history within a community

Front 29

language

Back 29

complex system of communication

Front 30

language isolates

Back 30

shows no relationship with any other language

Front 31

language loss

Back 31

process by which a language becomes instinct

Front 32

language loss

Back 32

Front 33

language nests

Back 33

immersion programs to teach young children their heritage languages

Front 34

language retention and revitalisation

Back 34

efforts to keep a language alive by teaching it to the younger generations

Front 35

language shift

Back 35

when a speech community changes to another language

Front 36

linguicism

Back 36

linguistic prejudice or discrimination

Front 37

linguistic anthropology

Back 37

study of how people use language to interact with one another and transmit culture

Front 38

linguistic diversity

Back 38

number of different languages spoken today, the linguistic version of biodiversity

Front 39

linguistic homogenization

Back 39

elimination of linguistic diversity and cration of one global language

Front 40

linguistics

Back 40

scientific study of language from a historical and descriptive perspective

Front 41

norms

Back 41

expected and predictable behaviour within a given culture

Front 42

speech community

Back 42

a group of people that share the same language and concerns for the vitality of the language. they usually live in the same community

Front 43

qualitative research

Back 43

using interviews and participant observation in order to generate explanation on human behaviour