Chapter 9 Working For Reform

Front 1

Second Great Awakening

Back 1

a renewed and passionate interest in religion

Front 2

Revivals

Back 2

large religious gatherings, some people who came away from them were convinced they could attain moral perfection

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Denominations

Back 3

religious groups

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Richard Allen

Back 4

Founded one of the first African American Churches in North America, became known as the Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church

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Shakers

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The United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Awakening, founded communities in the eastern United States

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Ann Lee

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The shakers first came to America led by Lee, known as mother Ann, claimed to be messiah who came to found a society free from sin

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Mormons

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Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, undertook one of the most enduring utopian ventures

Front 8

Brigham Young

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led thousands of Mormons across the Rockies, they founded successful settlements in the Great Salt Lake valley

Front 9

Transcendentalism

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the belief that people rise above material things in life to reach a higher level of understanding

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Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau

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writers, led the transcendentalism movement

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Unitarians

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members of a religious reform movement that originally arose among New England Protestants in the late 1700s

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Lyman Beecher

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Preached about the effects of alcohol, thought people who drank alcohol were disobeying God's rules

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Temperance Movement

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persuade others to limit alcohol consumption

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Prohibition

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the complete ban on the manufacture of alcohol, sale, and consumption of alcohol

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Catherine Beecher

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among reformers who supported increased educational opportunities for women, she said it would help them fulfill their roles as moral guides of the young

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Emma Willard

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founded the Troy Female Seminary, the first college-level school for women

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Mary Lyon

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Opened Mount Holyoke Seminary for women

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Horace Mann

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Massachusetts's firs secretary of education, untied local school districts into a state system, raised teachers salaries, and persuaded the legislature to increase spending on local schools, lengthened school year, updated curriculum, and established teacher training schools.

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Dorothea Dix

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one of the most effective female reformers, emphasized that the mentally ill needed rehabilitation

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Rehabilitation

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treatment to restore them to a useful and productive place in society

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penitentiary

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law breakers went here in hope that they could be reformed and then returned to the community as productive citizens

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American Colonization Society

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send free African Americans to Africa to found new settlements

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David Walker

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free African American, published the Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World. He demanded immediate, universal abolition and called on free African Americans and slaves to take action to gain freedom and equality

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William Lloyd Garrison

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a white New England journalist, launched the liberator-an abolitionist newspaper, insisted slavery was a sin and a crime

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Liberator

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anti slavery newspaper, launched by William Lloyd Garrison

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American Anti-slavery Society

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first national antislavery organization to be devoted to immediate abolition and racial equality, set up in 1833 by prominent black AND white abolitionists

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Frederick Douglas

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one of the best recruiters for Anti-slavery society, educated, wrote book, and newspaper the north star

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Sojourner Truth

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former slave, worked tirelessly for the Anti-Slavery Society

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Sarah and Angelina Grimke

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two of the most effective antislavery activists, wrote Appeal to the Christian Women of the South, among the first women to speak on behalf of the anti-slavery society

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Theodore Weld

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wrote and published American Slavery As it is, it was one of them most influential antislavery documents of the period

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Elijah Lovejoy

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an abolitionist editor in Illinois, murdered when he tried to protect his printing press from a mob

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Elizabeth Cady Stanton

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noted abolitionist, was not allowed to be engaged in conversation at the Anti-Slavery convention in London, so held her own with Lucretia Mott

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Lucretia Mott

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noted abolitionist, was not allowed to be engaged in conversation at the Anti-Slavery convention in London, so held her own with Elizabeth Cady Stanton

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Seneca falls convention

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meeting held by Stanton and Mott, more than 300 women and men attended

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Declaration of Sentiments

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nearly one third of the Seneca falls attendants signed it, modeled on the democratic ideals set forth in the Declaration of Independence

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Susan B. Anthony

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made particularly significant contributions to the success of the movement to achieve the reforms called for at the Seneca Falls

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Lucy Stone

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made particularly significant contributions to the success of the movement to achieve the reforms called for at the Seneca Falls

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Married Women's Property Act

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permitted married women to own property, and 1860 revision made it possible for them to retain their earnings as well