Chapter 9 Nutrition Test #3

Front 1

Energy metabolism:
1) Definition?
2) Multistep series of?
3) Clarifies how macronutrients are?

Back 1

1) processing energy from food into form the body can use
2) energy transforming chemical rx 9cellular respiration
3) are interrelated, serve as fuel for body

Front 2

Metabolism: Chemical Reactions in the Body:
1) What is the Metabolic Pathway?
2) What are Intermediates?
3) What is Anabolic?
4) What is Catabolic?

Back 2

1) Biochemical rx that occur in progression from beginning to end
2) compounds formed in a pathway
3) Pathways that build compounds and use energy
4) Pathways that break down compounds and yeild energy

Front 3

Cellular Respiration:
1) Formula
2) Glucose and oxygen broken down to yield what 3 things?
3) What pathways
4) Focuses on glucose, but what?

Back 3

1) C6H12O6+6O2=Energy+6H2O+6CO2
2) energy, water, and waste products
3) catabolic
4) macronutrients can be used

Front 4

Cellular Respiration;
1) Energy created used to make what?
2) Glucose molecule contains?
3) Which contains more energy, 1 glucose molecule or 1 ATP?

Back 4

1) ATP
2) energy (kcals)
3) glucose

Front 5

ATP:
1) Form of energy the body can what?
2) Stands for?
3) High energy what?

Back 5

1) use
2) Adenosine Triphosphate
3) Nucleotide

Front 6

Cellular Respiration:
1) Glucose splits and yields what? (3)
2) H atoms released during what?
3) H atoms are highly what?
4) What happens when we breath in oxygen?

Back 6

1) energy, water, CO2
2) break down of glucose molecule
3) acidic
4) H is transfered to O, using coenzyme NAD to create water

Front 7

NAD:
1) Stands for?
2) Transfers what?
3) Yields What?

Back 7

1) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
2) H atoms , electrons 2 at a time to O
3) water

Front 8

Oxidation-Reduction Reaction:
1) Molecules loses H or electrons=?
2) Glucose oxidized to?
3) Molecules gain H or electrons=?
4) oxygen reduced to?

Back 8

1) oxidized
2) CO2
3) reduced
4) water

Front 9

Cellular Respiration:
1) What is produced from the reaction? (2)
2) What happens to glucose?
3) What are the three parts in cellular respiration?

Back 9

1) 34 atp and heat
2) broken apart in multiple series of rx
3) a. glycolysis b. cytric acid cycle c. electron transport chain

Front 10

Glycolysis:
1) Glyco=?
2) Lysis=?
3) Occurs where?
4) Does nto require what?
5) Net gain?
6) Next Setp depends on?

Back 10

1) sugar
2) to split apart
3) cytoplasm
4) oxygen
5) 2 ATP and 2 NADH2
6) if O is available

Front 11

When O is Available?
1) What kind of respiration?
2) Pyruvate is shuttled into what?
3) Pyruvate is changed to what?

Back 11

1) aerobic respiration
2) mitochondria
3) Acetyl CoA (transition Reaction)
-Carbon dioxide and NADH2

Front 12

No O Available:
1) Process of cellular respiration will stop after what?
2) Called what kind of respiration
3) Occurs where
4) NADH2 transfers what?
5) Why do you pant during exercise even after you stopped?
6) What does build up of lactic acid do?

Back 12

1) glycolysis
2) Anaerobic
3) cytoplasm
4) H back to pyruvate to make lactic acid
5) oxygen debt
6) Muscle fatigue

Front 13

Citric Acid Cycle:
1) Describe the process?
2) Net result?

Back 13

1) 2 carbon acetyl-4 carbon intermediate-6 carbon intermediate-broken down
2) Acetyl CoA broken down yeilding 4 CO2, 2ATP, 6 NADH2, and 2 FADH2

Front 14

Electron Transport Chain:
1) Series of?
2) Anaolgy?
3) Produces?
4) What is Phosphorylaion?
5) What happens at the end of ETC?

Back 14

1) Aerobic rx mitochondria, involves electron carriers (proteins), enzymes and coenzymes
2) hot potato
3) 30 atp from energy produced from ETC
4) process of attching phosphate to ADP
5) cooled down H added to O, produces water

Front 15

ATP production from Fats:
1) Triglycerides can be broken down into what by what?
2) Carnitine Carrier shuttles what?
3) FA converted to what?
4) Enters CAC which does what?

Back 15

1) Fatty acids, glycerol=lipolysis
2) fatty acids from cytosol into mitochondria
3) Acetyl-CoA (beta oxidation)
4) can yield more ATP than CHO b/c of long carbon chains

Front 16

ATP Production from Protein:
1) Undergoes what?
2) 3 Factors that Dispose the Nitrogen Groups?

Back 16

1) Deamination; lose the nitrogen or amine group form the AA
2) a. Urea converted to ammonia
b. Excreted in the urine
c. Stresses liver and kidneys

Front 17

Protein metabolism:
1) After it is demaninated you are left with what?
2) Enters CAC as what?
3) Makes what 2 things?

Back 17

1) Carbon skeleton
2) Intermediates
3) Pyruvate (Glucogenic)
and Acetyl CoA (Ketogenic)

Front 18

Protein Metabolism:
1) What is gluconeogenises?
2) Liver is the only organ which has what?
3) What does the body use gluconeogensis?
4) What hormones stimulate gluconeogensis?

Back 18

1) forming glucose from glucogenic Amino acids and other compounds
2) can complete this pathway
3) when you are out of carbs
4) glucagon-b/c it doesnt have glucose to keep up your blood sugar

Front 19

Alcohol Metabolism:
1) Alcohol can be coverted to what?
2) Some acetyl CoA can enter what?
3) Excess acetyl CoA used to make what?
4) #3 results in?

Back 19

1) Acetyl CoA through ADH and MEOS pathways
2) CAC
3) fatty acids and triglycerides
4) fatty liver

Front 20

Regulation of Energy Metabolism:
1) High ATP Decreases what?
2) High ATP Promotes what?
3) High ADP Stimulates what?

Back 20

1) genergy yielding rx (glycolysis)
2) anabolic reactions (protein synthesis which will use ATP)
3) Enery Yielding pathways, catabolic reactions

Front 21

Regulation of Energy Metabolism:
1) What is the role of enzymes?
2) What is the result of low insulin?
3) What is the result of high insulin?
4) What is the results of vitamins and minerals?

Back 21

1) High protein diet-body makes more enzymes associated with AA catabolism and gluconeogensis
2) glucogneogensis, lipolysis, high glucagon, and hunger
3) promotes cell uptake of glucose, glucogen creation, triglyceride formation (low glucagon)
4) B vitamins needed in cellular respiration

Front 22

How do we regulate energy metabolism?

Back 22

Liver, major role responds to hormones, makes use of vitamins, Urea goes to kidney changed to ammonia and excreted in urine

Front 23

Fasting encourages what 3 things?

Back 23

1) Glycogen breakdown
2) Fat breakdown
a. synthesis of ketone bodies
b. build up=ion imbalance, acidic encironment, come and death
3. gluconeogensis

Front 24

Feasting Encourages what 4 things?

Back 24

1) Glycogen synthesis
2) Fat synthesis
3) protein synthesis
4) urea synthesis

Front 25

Inborn Errors of Metabolism:
1) Phenylketonuria?
2) Galactosemia?
3) Glycogen Storage Disease?

Back 25

1) Unable to metabolize phenylalanine into tyrosine
2) unable to metabolize galactose
3) inability to convert glycogen to glucose