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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is sickle cell crisis |
it's when deformed red blood cells cause an infarction of the microvasculature and blood supply to the organs results in severe pain |
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What are the long term complications of sickle cell crisis |
Ulceration, renal failure and increased susceptibility to infections |
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What do you use for prophylaxis of infections in sickle cell anaemia |
Pneumonococcal vaccine, haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine comma annual flu vaccination and prophylactic penicillin. Hepatitis b vaccine can also be considered |
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What can g6pd deficiency cause |
Hemolytic anemias |
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In what populations is g6pd deficiency most common |
It is most common in males, individuals from Asian countries, individuals from Africa, and individuals from South and Europe |
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For individuals with g6pd deficiency what are the foods and drugs that can trigger hemolytic anemias |
1. Fava beans 2. Dapsone and other sulphones 3. Nitrofurantoin 4. Quinolones 6. Sulphonamides 7. Aspirin 8. Chloroquine 9. Menadione 10. Quinine 8. Sulfonylureas |
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For what type of anaemia can you use pyridoxine |
Sideroblastic anaemias |
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Where is there erythropoietin being produced |
Kidneys |
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What is the side effect of epoetins you should look out for |
Stevens-johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis |
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When do you use erythropoietin in neonates |
In premature neonates but kidneys are not fully formed and therefore you need to use erythropoietin |
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What type of erythropoietins should you use in neonates |
Epoetin beta without a preservative |
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What can overcorrection of erythropoietin resulting |
Increase formation of class and that increased incidence of cardiovascular events |
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What do you test for in patients with pure red cell aplasia that have not responded to erythropoietin |
Erythropoietin antibodies |
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What do you monitor in patients treated with epoetins |
1. Blood pressure 2. Haemoglobin 3. Electrolytes |
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What is the total daily dose of elemental iron given in iron deficiency anaemia |
100- 200mg MG daily |
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What effect does vitamin c have on the absorption of iron |
Vitamin c increases absorption of iron |
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At what part of the GI tract is iron absorbed |
The duodenum |
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Why are test doses of parenteral iron no longer recommended to test for anaphylaxis |
anaphylactic reactions have been reported in patients receiving intravenous I don't even want a previous administration has beentolerated |
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When should intravenous Iron be avoided in pregnancy |
During the first trimester |
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How do you treat iron poisoning |
Desferrioxamine masilate |
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How long is the treatment with iron in iron deficiency anaemia |
once hemoglobin has reachh normal levels you continue supplementation for another 3 months to replenish iron stores |
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What are the two causes of megaloblastic anaemia |
Folic acid or vitamin b12 deficiency |
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What is pernicious anaemia |
A lack intrinsic factor which results in vitamin b12 deficiency |
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Why is hydroxocobalamin referred to cyanocobalamin |
It lasts longer in the body |
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How long does it take for folate megaloblastic anaemia to be corrected after folate supplementation |
4 months |
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How do you administer desferrioxamine mesylate in patients who receive blood |
It should not be added to the blood and it should not be given via the same line |
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What class is filgrastim |
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor |
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What do you monitor when you're using granulocyte colony-stimulating factors |
you need to monitor fbc counts including differential white cell and platelet count and also the size of the spleen |
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What cause idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura |
Anti platelet antibodies |
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How is idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura treated. |
In children the condition is often self limiting. In adults a corticosteroid is used to induce remission. Immunoglobulin preparations are also available for the short term |
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How to treat severe hyperkalemia |
You use calcium gluconate 10% protect the heart. you use soluble insulin and glucose 50% to drive the potassium into the cell. you can also try so salbutamol either IV or via nebuliser to reduce the plasma potassium concentration |
