Chapter 9 Blood, Lymph, And Immune Systems

Front 1

anaphylaxis

Back 1

Exaggerated, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction to apreviously encountered antigen

ana-: against; up; back -phylaxis: protection

Front 2

antibody

Back 2

Protective protein produced by B lymphocytes in response tothe presence of a foreign substance called an antigen, whichthe immune system regards as harmful to the host

Front 3

antigen

Back 3

Substance that is recognized as harmful to the host and stimulatesthe formation of antibodies in an immunocompetentindividual

Front 4

cellular immunity

Back 4

Acquired specific resistance, mediated by T cells, thatproduces reactive substances or directly exerts a cytotoxiceffect on a cell that is identified as harmful

Front 5

host

Back 5

Organism in or on which another, usually parasitic, organismis nourished and harbored

Front 6

humoral immunity

Back 6

Acquired specific resistance, mediated by B cells, thatproduces antibodies that bind to and dispose of antigens

Front 7

immunocompetent

Back 7

Able to develop an immune response; able to recognize antigensand respond to them

Front 8

immunopathology

Back 8

Study of disease states associated with overreactivity orunderreactivity of the immune response

immun/o: immune, immunity, safe path/o: disease -logy: study of

Front 9

opportunistic infection

Back 9

Infection occurring in a person with a weakened immunesystem and caused by a microorganism that, under normalconditions, would not bring about disease

Front 10

palliative treatment

Back 10

Treatment that provides relief, but not a cure

Front 11

serum

Back 11

Liquid portion of blood that remains after the removal offibrinogen

Front 12

aden/o

Back 12

gland

Front 13

agglutin/o

Back 13

clumping, gluing

Front 14

bas/o

Back 14

base (alkaline,opposite of acid)

Front 15

blast/o

Back 15

embryonic cell

Front 16

chrom/o

Back 16

color

Front 17

eosin/o

Back 17

dawn (rose-colored)

Front 18

erythr/o

Back 18

red

Front 19

granul/o

Back 19

granule

Front 20

hem/o

hemat/o

Back 20

blood

Front 21

immun/o

Back 21

immune, immunity,safe

Front 22

kary/o

nucle/o

Back 22

nucleus

Front 23

leuk/o

Back 23

white

Front 24

lymphaden/o

Back 24

lymph gland (node)

Front 25

lymph/o

Back 25

lymph

Front 26

lymphangi/o

Back 26

lymph vessel

Front 27

morph/o

Back 27

form, shape, structure

Front 28

myel/o

Back 28

bone marrow, spinalcord

Front 29

neutr/o

Back 29

neutral, neither

Front 30

phag/o

Back 30

swallowing, eating

Front 31

plas/o

Back 31

formation, growth

Front 32

poikil/o

Back 32

varied, irregular

Front 33

reticul/o

Back 33

net, mesh

Front 34

sider/o

Back 34

iron

Front 35

ser/o

Back 35

serum

Front 36

splen/o

Back 36

spleen

Front 37

thromb/o

Back 37

blood clot

Front 38

thym/o

Back 38

thymus gland

Front 39

xen/o

Back 39

foreign, strange

Front 40

-blast

Back 40

embryonic cell

Front 41

-emia

Back 41

blood condition

Front 42

-globin

Back 42

protein

Front 43

-graft

Back 43

transplantation

Front 44

-osis

Back 44

abnormal condition;increase (used primarilywith blood cells)

Front 45

-penia

Back 45

decrease, deficiency

Front 46

-phil

Back 46

attraction for

Front 47

-phoresis

Back 47

carrying, transmission

Front 48

-phylaxis

Back 48

protection

Front 49

-poiesis

Back 49

formation, production

Front 50

-stasis

Back 50

standing still

Front 51

a-

Back 51

without, not

Front 52

allo

Back 52

other, differing fromthe normal

Front 53

aniso-

Back 53

unequal, dissimilar

Front 54

iso-

Back 54

same, equal

Front 55

macro-

Back 55

large

Front 56

micro-

Back 56

small

Front 57

mono-

Back 57

one

Front 58

poly-

Back 58

many, much

Front 59

anisocytosis

Back 59

Condition of marked variation in the size of erythrocytes, whenobserved on a blood smear

an-: without, not iso-: same, equal cyt: cell -osis: abnormal condition,increase (used primarilywith blood cells)

Front 60

ascites

Back 60

Accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal or pleural cavity

Front 61

bacteremia

Back 61

Presence of viable bacteria circulating in the bloodstream, andconsidered as “travelers” rather than a blood infection

bacter: bacteria-emia: blood condition

Front 62

graft rejection

Back 62

Recipient’s immune system attacks a transplanted organ or tissueresulting in its distruction

Front 63

graft-versus-hostreaction (GVHR)

Back 63

Condition that occurs following bone marrow transplants where theimmune cells in the transplanted marrow produce antibodies againstthe host’s tissues

Front 64

hematoma

Back 64

Localized accumulation of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, space,or tissue due to a break in or severing of a blood vessel

hemat: blood -oma: tumor

Front 65

hemoglobinopathy

Back 65

Any disorder caused by abnormalities in the hemoglobin molecule

hem/o: blood

globin/o: protein

-pathy: disease

Front 66

hemolysis

Back 66

Destruction of RBCs with a release of hemoglobin that diffuses intothe surrounding fluid

hem/o: blood

-lysis: separation; destruction;loosening

Front 67

hemostasis

Back 67

Arrest of bleeding or circulation

hem/o: blood-stasis: standing still

Front 68

immunity

Back 68

State of being protected against infectious diseases

Front 69

active immunity

Back 69

Immunity developed as a consequence of exposure to an antigen andthe subsequent development of antibodies

Front 70

passive immunity

Back 70

Immunity in which antibodies or other immune substances formed inone individual are transferred to another individual to provide immediate,temporary immunity

Front 71

lymphadenopathy

Back 71

Any disease of the lymph nodes

lymph: lymph

aden/o: gland

-pathy: disease

Front 72

lymphosarcoma

Back 72

Malignant neoplastic disorder of lymphatic tissue (not related toHodgkin disease)

lymph/o: lymph

sarc: flesh (connective tissue)

-oma: tumor

Front 73

septicemia

Back 73

Systemic disease associated with the presence and persistence of pathogenicmicroorganisms or their toxins in the blood; also called bloodinfection

Front 74

serology

Back 74

Blood test to detect the presence of antibodies, antigens, or immunesubstances

ser/o: serum

-logy: study of

Front 75

titer

Back 75

Blood test that measures the amount of antibodies in blood;commonly used as an indicator of immune status

Front 76

activated partial thromboplastintime (APTT

Back 76

Test that screens for deficiencies of some clotting factors; valuablefor preoperative screening for bleeding tendencies

Front 77

blood culture

Back 77

Test to determine the presence of pathogens in the bloodstream

Front 78

complete blood count(CBC)

Back 78

Series of tests that includes hemoglobin; hematocrit; red bloodcell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), and platelet counts; differentialWBC count; RBC indices; and RBC and WBC morphology

Front 79

differential count

Back 79

Test that enumerates the distribution of WBCs in a stained bloodsmear by counting the different kinds of WBCs and reportingeach as a percentage of the total examined

Front 80

erythrocyte sedimentationrate (ESR; sed rate)

Back 80

Measurement of the distance RBCs settle in 1 hour when wholeblood is placed in a narrow tube

erythr/o: red

-cyte: cell

Front 81

hemoglobin (Hgb, Hb)

Back 81

Measurement of the amount of hemoglobin found in a wholeblood sample

hem/o: blood-globin: protein

Front 82

hematocrit (Hct)

Back 82

Measurement of the percentage of packed RBCs in a whole bloodsample; also called crit

Front 83

Monospot

Back 83

Serological test performed on a blood sample to detect the presenceof a nonspecific antibody called the heterophile antibody that ispresent in the serum of patients with infectious mononucleosis

Front 84

prothrombin time (PT)

Back 84

Test used to evaluate portions of the coagulation system and indirectlymeasure prothrombin; also called pro time

Front 85

RBC indices

Back 85

Mathematical calculation of the size, volume, and concentrationof hemoglobin for an average red blood cell

Front 86

Schilling test

Back 86

Test used to assess the absorption of radioactive vitamin B12 by theGl system

Front 87

lymphadenography

Back 87

Radiographic examination of lymph nodes after injection of acontrast medium

lymph: lymph

aden/o: gland

-graphy: process of recording

Front 88

lymphangiography

Back 88

Radiographic examination of lymph nodes or tissues after injectionof contrast medium in lymph vessels

lymph: lymph

angi/o: vessel

-graphy: process of recording

Front 89

aspiration

Back 89

Draw in or out using suction

Front 90

bone marrow aspiration

Back 90

Procedure using a syringe with a thin aspirating needle that isinserted (usually in the sternum or pelvic bone) to withdraw asmall sample of bone marrow fluid for microscopic evaluation.

Front 91

biopsy

Back 91

Representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopicexamination, usually to establish a diagnosis

Front 92

bone marrow biopsy

Back 92

Removal of a small core sample of tissue from bone marrow forexamination under a microscope and, possibly, for analysis usingother tests

Front 93

sentinel node biopsy

Back 93

Removal of the first lymph node (also called the sentinel node)that receives drainage from cancer-containing areas and the onemost likely to contain malignant cells

Front 94

lymphangiectomy

Back 94

Removal of a lymph vessel

lymph: lymph

angi: vessel

-ectomy: excision

Front 95

transfusion

Back 95

Injecting of blood or blood components into the bloodstream

Front 96

autologoustransfusion

Back 96

Transfusion prepared from the recipient’s own blood

Front 97

homologoustransfusion

Back 97

Transfusion prepared from another individual whose blood iscompatible with that of the recipient

Front 98

transplantation

Back 98

Grafting of living tissue from its normal position to another site orfrom one person to another

Front 99

autologous bone marrowtransplantation

Back 99

Harvesting, freezing (cryopreserving), and reinfusing the patient’sown bone marrow; used to treat bone marrow hypoplasia followingcancer therapy

Front 100

homologous bone marrowtransplantation

Back 100

Transplantation of bone marrow from one individual to another;used for treating aplastic anemia and immunodeficiency disorders

Front 101

anticoagulants

Back 101

Prevent blood clot formation by inhibiting one or moreclotting factors

Front 102

antineoplastics

Back 102

Kill or damage rapidly metabolizing cells

Front 103

antiprotozoals,antibiotics,and sulfadrugs (totreat PCP)

Back 103

Treat Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)

Front 104

antivirals(to treatHIV-AIDS)

Back 104

Prevent the replication of viruses within host cells

Front 105

fat-solublevitamins

Back 105

Prevent and treat bleeding disorders resulting from alack of prothrombin, which is commonly caused byvitamin K deficiency

Front 106

hemostatics

Back 106

Prevent or control bleeding

Front 107

thrombolytics

Back 107

Dissolve blood clots by destroying the fibrin strandsthat make up the clot

Front 108

Iron-deficiencyanemia

Back 108

Caused by a greater demand on stored ironthan can be supplied, commonly as a resultof inadequate dietary iron intake or malabsorptionof iron