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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sociological theory |
A perspective that focuses on the nature of power r relationships that exist between social groups and on the influences that various social phenomena b ring to bear on the types of behaviours that tend to characterize groups of people |
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Social structure |
The pattern of social organization and the interrelationships among institutions characteristic of a society |
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Social process |
The interaction between and among social institutions, groups and individuals |
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Social life |
The ongoing structured interaction-including socialization and social behaviour in general-that occurs between persons in a society |
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Social structure theory |
A theory that explains crime by reference to the economic and social arrangements in society. This type of theory emphasizes relationships among social institutions and describes the types of behaviour that tend to characterize groups of people rather than individuals |
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A social disorganization theory |
A perspective on crime and deviance that sees society as a kind of organism and crime and deviance as a kind of disease of social pathology |
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Social ecology |
An approach to criminological theorizing that attempts to link the structure and organization of a human community to interactions with its localized environment |
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Ecological theory |
A type of socilogical approach that emphasizes demographics (the characteristics of population g groups) and geographics (the mapped location of such groups relative to one another) and sees the social disorganization that characterizes delinquency areas as a major case of criminality and victimization |
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Chicago school of criminology |
An ecological approach to explaining crime that examines how social disorganization contributes to social pathology |
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Criminology of place or environmental criminology |
An emerging perspective that emphasizes the importance of geographic location and architectural features as they are associated with the prevalence of criminal victimization |
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Broken window thesis |
A perceptive on crime that holds that physical deterioration in an area leads to increased concerns for personal safety among area residents and to higher crime rates in that area |
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Defensible space |
The range of mechanisms that combine to bring an environment under the control of its residents |
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Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) |
A crime-prevention strategy based on the premise that the design and effective use of the built environment can lead to a reduction in the incidence and fear of c rime |
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Strain theory |
A sociological approach that posits a disjuncture between socially and sub-culturally sanctioned means and goals as the cause of criminal behaviour |
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Anomie |
A social condition in which norms are uncertain or lacking |
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Culture conflict theory |
A sociological perspective on crime that suggests that the root cause of criminality can be found in a clash of values between variously socialized groups over what is acceptable or proper behaviour |
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Conduct norms |
Shared expectations of a social group relative to personal conduct |
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Subculture |
A collection of values and preferences that is communicated to subculture participants through a process of socialization |
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Subculture theory |
A sociological perspective that emphasizes the contribution made by variously socialized cultural groups to the phenomenon of crime |
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Focal concerns |
The key values of any cultures, and especially they key values of delinquent subculture |
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Illegitimate opportunity structure |
A subcultural pathway to success that is disapproved of by the wider society |
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Reaction formation |
The process by which a person openly rejects that which he or she wants or aspires to but cannot obtain or achieve |
