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34 Cards in this Set
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Forsenic psychology |
The application of the science and profession of pyschology to questions and issues relating to law and the legal system. Also known as criminal psychology |
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Pyschological theory |
A theory derived from the behavioural sciences that focuses on the individual as the unit of analysis. Psychological theories place the locus of crime causation within the personality of the individual offender |
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Conditioning |
A psychological principle holding that the frequency of any behaviour can be increased or decreased through reward, punishment, or association with other stimuli |
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Psychopathology |
The study of pathological mental conditions |
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Psychiatric criminology |
Theories derived from the medical sciences, including neurology, which, like other psychological theories, focus on the individual as the unit of analysis. Psychiatric theories form the basis of psychiatric criminology. |
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Forensic psychiatry |
A branch of psychiatry having to do with the study of crime and ciminality |
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Psychoanalysis |
The theory of human psychology founded by Freud and based on concepts of the unconscious, resistance, repression, sexuality, and the Oedipus complex |
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Id |
The aspect of the personality from which drives, wishes, urges, and desires emanate. More formally, it is the division of the psyche associated with instinctual impulses and demands for immediate satisfaction of primitive needs |
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Ego |
The reality-testing part of the personality; also called the reality principle. More formally, it is the personality component that is conscious, most immediately controls behaviour, and is most in touch with external reality |
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Superego |
The moral aspect of the personality; much like the conscience. More formally, it is the division of the psyche that develops by the incorporation of the perceived moral standards of the community, is mainly unconscious, and includes the conscience |
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sublimation |
The psychological process whereby one aspect of consciousness comes to be symbolically substituted for another |
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Thanatos |
A death wish |
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Neurosis |
A functional disorder of the mind or of the emotions involving anxiety, phobia, or the abnormal behaviour |
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Psychosis |
A form of mental illus in which sufferers are said to be out of touch with reality |
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Schizophrenic |
A mentally ill individual who is out of touch with reality and suffers from disjointed thinking |
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Paranoid schizoprehnic |
A schizophrenic individual who suffers from delusions and hallucinations |
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Psychopath or sociopath |
A person with a personality disorder, especially one manifested in aggressively anti-social behaviour, and who is lacking in empathy |
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Anti-social personality or asocial personality |
An individual who is socialized and whose behaviour pattern brings him or her into repeated conflict with society |
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Anti-social personally disorder (ASPD) |
A psychological condition exhibited by individuals who are basically socialized and who behaviour pattern brings them repeatedly into conflict with society |
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Electroencephalogram (EEG) |
Electrical measurements of brainwave activity |
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Alloplastic adaptation |
A form of adjustments resulting from changes in the environment surrounding an individual |
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Autoplastic adaptation |
A form of adjustment resulting from changes within an individual |
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Modelling theory |
A form of social learning theory that asserts that people learn how to behave by observing others |
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Behaviour theory |
A psychological perspective positioning that individual behaviour that is rewarded will increase in frequency, and behaviour that is punished will decrease |
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Operant behaviour |
Behaviour that affects the environment so as to produce responses or further behaviour cues |
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Punishments |
Undesiarable behavioural consequences likely to decrease the frequency of occurrence of that behaviour |
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Rewards |
Desirable behavioural consequences likely to increase the frequency of occurrence of that behaviour |
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Mental disorder (psychological) |
Disease of the mind including schizophrenia, paranoia, senile dementia, melancholia, various types of epilepsy, and delirium tremens caused by alchohol abuse; Mental disorder (legal) A legally established inability to understand right from wrong, or to conform one's behaviour to the requirements of the law. Also, a defence allowable in criminal courts |
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McNaughten rule |
A standard for judging legal insanity that requires that offender did not know what they were doing, or if they did, that they did not know it was wrong |
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Not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder (NCRMD) |
A finding that offenders are responsible for committing the offence that they have committed and, because of their prevailing mental condition should be sent to a psychiatric hospital for treatment rather that to prison. The maximum length stay is predetermined |
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Selective incapacitation |
A social policy that seeks to protect society by incarcerating those individuals deemed to be the most dangerous |
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Correctional psychology |
The branch of forensic psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of correctional populations, and the rehabilitation of inmates and other law violaters |
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Psychological Profiling |
The attempt to categorize, understand, and predict the behaviour of certain types of offenders based of certain hypes of offenders based on behavioural clues they provide; also called criminal profiling and behavioural profiling |
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Violent Crime Linkage Analysis(ViCLAS) |
A centralized computer bank containing details of violent crimes that assists police in recognizing patterns among violent offences and offenders |
