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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Biological theory |
A theory that maintains that the basic determinants of human behaviour, including criminality, are constitutionally or physiologically based and often inherited |
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Criminal anthropology |
The scientific study of the relationship between human physical characteristics and criminality |
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Phrenology |
The study of the shape of the head to determine anatomical correlates of human behaviour |
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Atavism |
A term used by Cesare Lombroso to suggest that criminals are physiological throwbacks to earlier stages of human evolution |
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Positivism |
The application of scientific techniques to the study of crime and criminals |
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Born criminal |
An individual who is born with a genetic prediction toward criminality |
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Criminaloids |
A term used by Cesare Lombroso to describe occasional criminals who were pulled into criminality primarily by environmental influences |
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Constitutional theorry |
A theory that explains criminality by reference to offenders' body types, inheritance, genetics, or external observable physical characteristics |
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Somatotyping |
The classification of human beings into types according to body build and other physical characteristics |
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Cycloid |
A term developed by Errnst Krtschmer to describe a particular relationship between body build and personality type. The cycloid personality type. The cycloid personality, which was associated with a heavyset, soft type of body, was said to vacillate between normality and abnormality |
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Schizoid |
A person characterized by a schizoid personality disorder. Such disordered personalities appear to be aloof, withdrawn, unresponsive, humorless, dull, and solitary to an abnormal degree |
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Displastic |
A mixed group offenders of offenders described by theorist Ernst Krestchmer as highly emotional and often unable to control themselves. |
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Endomorph |
A body type described as soft and round or overweight |
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Mesomorph |
A body type described as athletic and muscular |
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Ectomorph |
A body type described as thin and fragile, with long, slender, poorly muscled extremities and delicate bones |
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Hypoglycemia |
A medical condition characterized by low blood sugar |
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Testosterone |
The primary male sex hormone. It is produced in the testes, and its function is to control secondary sex characteristics and sexual drive |
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Juke family |
A well-known "criminal family" studied by Richard L. Dugdale |
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Kallikak family |
A well-known "criminal family" studied by Henry H. Goddard |
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Eugenics |
The study of hereditary improvement by genetic control |
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Supermale |
A male individual displaying the XYY chromosomal structure |
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Dizygotic twins |
Twins who develop from a separate ovum and carry the genetic material shared by siblings |
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Monozygotic twins |
Twin who develop from the same egg and carry virtually the same genetic materials |
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Sociobiology |
The systematic study of the biological basics of all social behaviour |
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Paradigm |
An example, model, or a theory |
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Biosocial criminology |
A theoretical perspective that sees the interaction between biology and the environment as key to understanding human behavior, including criminality |
