Chapter 7- Knowledge Representation

Front 1

Concepts

Back 1

General ideas that enable the categorization of unique stimuli as related to one another

Front 2

Classical approach

Back 2

Concepts are defined by a set of singly necessary and jointly sufficient features

Front 3

Rule-governed concepts

Back 3

specify the features and relations that define membership in the class on an all-or-none basis

Hint 3

classical view

Front 4

object concepts

Back 4

natural (biological) objects and artifacts (man-made) objects

often organized hierarchically

Hint 4

theoretical; ill-defined

Front 5

prototype

Back 5

best or most typical example of a mental representation of the concept

Front 6

family resemblance structure

Back 6

characteristic of object concepts that are defined by a large number of features that apply to SOME but not ALL

Hint 6

contrasts w/ rule-governed concepts

Front 7

typicality effect

Back 7

differences in how well specific instances represent a concept

Front 8

folk theories

Back 8

commonsense explanations of scientific phenomena as opposed to theories based on scientific facts

Front 9

damage to anterior region of left temporal cortex

Back 9

problems naming the faces of famous people

(AR LTC)

Front 10

damage to inferotemporal cortex (lower region)

Back 10

problems naming animals

(ITC)

Front 11

damage to posterior region of left temporal cortex

Back 11

problems naming tools

(PR LTC)

Front 12

schema

Back 12

cognitive structure that organizes related concepts & integrates past events

Front 13

frames

Back 13

schemas that represent the physical structure of the environment

Front 14

scripts

Back 14

schemas that represent routine activities

Hint 14

sequential in nature & involve social interaction

Front 15

meta-representation

Back 15

mental representation of another mental representation

Hint 15

thinking about thinking

Front 16

theory of mind

Back 16

human ability to infer that others have mental states, like ourselves

Hint 16

develops between ages 2-4

Front 17

mindblindness

Back 17

inability to understand that others have mental representations

Front 18

imaginal code

Back 18

concrete means of mental representation that directly conveys perceptual qualities

Front 19

propositional code

Back 19

abstract means of mental representation not linked to sensory modality

Front 20

functional equivalence hypothesis

Back 20

visual imagery is mentally represented and functions the same as perception

Front 21

proposition

Back 21

the smallest unit of knowledge that one can sensibly judge to be true or false

Front 22

latent semantic analysis (LSA)

Back 22

mathematical procedure for automatically extracting & representing the meanings of propositions expressed in a text

Front 23

semantic network model

Back 23

subordinate, basic, & super-ordinate levels of concepts and their associated features

Front 24

cognitive economy assumption

Back 24

features of a concept are represented ONLY ONCE at either subordinate, basic, or super-ordinate level

Front 25

synset

Back 25

a set of syndromes for each noun, verb, adjective, or adverb in the language

Front 26

feature comparison model

Back 26

assumes that semantic memory includes characteristic & defining features of concepts

Front 27

category size effect

Back 27

more time is needed to respond when the semantic category is large than when it is small