Chapter 3: Selections

Front 1

Selection statements

Back 1

statements that let you choose actions with alternative courses

if() {

}

else {

}

Front 2

Boolean data type

Back 2

declares a variable with the value either true or false

Front 3

Comparison operators

Back 3

< less than

<= less than or equal to

> greater than

>= greater than or equal to

== equal to

!= not equal to

Front 4

Boolean variable

Back 4

a variable that holds a boolean value

cab hold one of the two values: true or false

ex: boolean lightsOn = true;

Front 5

One-way if statement

Back 5

executes an action if and only if the condition is true

Front 6

syntax for if statement

Back 6

if (boolean-expression) {

statement(s);

}

Front 7

Flowchart

Back 7

a diagram that describes an algorithm or process, showing the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting these with arrows

Front 8

if-else statements

Back 8

decides the execution path based on whether the condition is true or false

Front 9

syntax for if-else statement

Back 9

if (boolean-expression) {

statement(s)-for-the-true-case;

}

else {

statement(s)-for-the-false-case;

}

Front 10

Nested if statement

Back 10

an if statement can be inside another if statement

no limit on depth of nesting

Front 11

multi-way if statement

Back 11

avoids deep indentation and makes the program easy to read

Front 12

Logical operators

Back 12

can be used to create a compound Boolean expression

! not

&& and

|| or

^ exclusive or

Front 13

De Morgan's Law

Back 13

!(condition1 && condition2) is the same as

!condition1 || !condition2

!(condition1 || condition2) is the same as

!condition1 && !condition2

Front 14

Switch statement

Back 14

executes statements based on the value of a variable or an expression

Front 15

syntax for switch statements

Back 15

switch (switch-expression) {

case value1: statement(s)1;

break;

case value2: statement(s)2;

break;

...

case valueN: statement(s)N;

break;

defeault: statement(s) - for - default;

}

Front 16

Switch expression must yield

Back 16

a value of char, byte, short, int, or string type and must always be enclosed in parentheses

Front 17

the value1... and valueN must

Back 17

have the same data type as the value of the switch-expression

Front 18

Break statement

Back 18

immediately ends the switch statement

Front 19

default case

Back 19

can be used to perform actions when none of the specified cases matches the switch expression

Front 20

executing a single statement at a time

Back 20

the debugger allows you to execute one statement at a time so that you can see the effect of each statment

Front 21

tracing into or stepping over a method

Back 21

if a method is being executed, you can ask the debugger to enter the method and execute one statement at a time in the method, or you can ask it to step over the entire method

you should step over the entire method if you know that the method works

Front 22

setting breakpoints

Back 22

you can also set a breakpoint at a specific statement

your program pauses when it reaches a breakpoint

you can set as many breakpoints as you want

breakpoints are particularly useful when you know where your programming error starts

you can et a breakpoint at that statement and have the program execute until it reaches the breakpoint

Front 23

displaying variables

Back 23

the debugger lets you select several variables and display their values

as you trace through a program, the content of a variable is continuously updated

Front 24

displaying call stacks

Back 24

the debugger lets you trace all of the method calls

this feature is helpful when you need to see a large picture of the program execution flow

Front 25

modifying variables

Back 25

some debuggers enable you to modify the value of the variable when debugging

this is convenient when you want to test a program with different samples but do not want to leave the debugger