Chapter 3 * Science Environmental Science And Critical Thinking*

Front 1

Scientific Data

Back 1

observation, experiment, accuracy(when you are close to the right or accepted answer) precision (your data is consistent) there are no absolutes in science

Front 2

Scientific laws

Back 2

something that is proven

Front 3

Scientiic theories

Back 3

A widely supported hypothesis

Front 4

Scientific hypotheses

Back 4

an educated guess

Front 5

Consensus science

Back 5

everyone agree, widely accepted I.E biology, chemistry , physics

Front 6

Frontier Science

Back 6

more controversial I.E environmental science

Front 7

4 key components of a system

Back 7

Inputs( something you put in, comes in the form of matter, energy), Flow - Trough puts ( the rate of movemtn through the system ) Stores - storage areas ( Anywhere that the matter can accumulate) Output ( Anything leaving the system.)

Front 8

Positive feedback loops

Back 8

when something causes change in a direction hat later causes more change in a system I.E Melting of ice caps , Forest Fires

Front 9

Negative feedback loops

Back 9

When change in a direction causes change the other I. E sweating, homeostasis .

Front 10

Matter

Back 10

anything that has mass and takes up space

Front 11

Simple Carbohydrates

Back 11

sugar , Carbon , hydrogen and oxygen (Glucose)

Front 12

Complex Carbohydrates

Back 12

You chain simple carbohydrates together ( Cellulose

Front 13

Protein

Back 13

A chain of Amino acids

Front 14

High Quality matter

Back 14

organized, concentrated , near the surface, Good potential as a resource

Front 15

Low quality matter

Back 15

diluted, disorganized, spread out , Not a lot of potential as a resource

Front 16

Entropy

Back 16

Measure of disorder or randomness in the system

High Entropy= low quality matter, more disorder.

Front 17

Material Efficiency

Back 17

Total amount or material needed to produce each unit of goods or services

Front 18

Kinetic energy

Back 18

the ability to do work and transfer heat

Front 19

Potential energy

Back 19

Stored energy
I.E. coal , when you light it up it becomes kinetic , tank of gasoline.

Front 20

High quality energy

Back 20

condensed, organized , harves it and make it kinetic so you can do something useful with it.
I. E electricity, nucrear fissian, concentrated sunlight.

Front 21

Low quality Energy

Back 21

Dispersed, disorganized , harde to do something useful with . Disperced geothermal energy , low temperature heat

Front 22

Law of Conservation matter

Back 22

Matter cannot be created or destroyed , matter is not consumed , matter only changes form, ther is not away.

Front 23

3 factors that determine effect of pollution

Back 23

Chemical Nature( what is the nature of it),Concentration( how much is there) , Persistent ( how long is it going to last)

Front 24

Types of persistence

Back 24

Degradable pollutant( break down by the element of nature), Biodegradable pollutant(broken down by living organism) Slowing degradable pollutants( it will degrade in a long period of time (DDT) , Non-degradable pollutants (Never going to go away.)

Front 25

3 types of nuclear changes

Back 25

Gamma rays(High energy of radiation) , Alpha particles ( protons and neutrons) Beta particles ( electrons.)

Front 26

Element

Back 26

the distinctive building blocks of matter that make up every material substance

Front 27

Compounds

Back 27

Two or more different elements /chemical bonds

Front 28

Molecules

Back 28

a combination of 2 or more atoms of the same or different elements held together by chemical bonds

Front 29

Proton

Back 29

Positive Charged (+)

Front 30

Neutron

Back 30

Neutral charge (N)

Front 31

Electron

Back 31

Negative Charge (-)

Front 32

Atomic number

Back 32

equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of each of its atom

Front 33

Atomic Mass

Back 33

# of neutrons+ protons inside the nucleus

Front 34

Ions

Back 34

Form when an element of one element gains or loses one or more electron

Front 35

Isotopes

Back 35

Same atomic number ,but different mass number

Front 36

Physical change

Back 36

its chemical composition is not changed

Front 37

Chemical change

Back 37

Change tin the chemical composition of the element or compound.

Front 38

Natural Radioactive decay

Back 38

is a nuclear change in which unstable isotopes spontaneously emit fast evolving charges of matter, high energy radiation , or both at fixed rate.

Front 39

Nuclear Fission

Back 39

Nuclear change in which nuclei of certain Isotopes with large mass #'s are split into lighter when struct by neutrons

Front 40

Nuclear fusion

Back 40

Nuclear change in which 2 isotopes of light elements such as hydrogen , forced together at high extreme temperatures.

Front 41

1st law of thermodynamics

Back 41

law of conservation of matter . matter cannot be created nor destroyed, just damaged.

Front 42

2nd law of thermodynamics

Back 42

when energy is changed from or to another, some of the useful energy is always degrade to lower quality , more dispersed. less useful energy.