Chapter 3

Front 1

A __________ is a group of statements that exist within a program for the purpose of performing a specific task.

Back 1

Module

Front 2

Instead of writing a large program as one long sequence of statements, it can be written as several small modules, each one performing a specific part of the task. This approach is sometimes called _________________________

Back 2

Divide and Conquer

dividing a large task into several smaller tasks that are easily performed.

Front 3

Modules are commonly called what?

Back 3

procedures, subroutines, subprograms, methods, and functions

Front 4

What are the benefits of using modules?

Back 4

1.) Simpler Code

2.) Code reuse (you can use the same code to perform repetitive tasks)

3.) Better Testing (each task within a program is contained in its own module, testing and debugging become simpler.

4.) Faster Development

5.) Easier Facilitation of Teamwork (programmers can be assigned the job of writing different modules

Front 5

Simpler code, code reuse, better testing, faster development, and easier facilitation of teamwork are all benefits of using what?

Back 5

Benefits of using modules.

Front 6

The code for a module is known as a ____________ ____________________

Back 6

Module Definition

Front 7

Module names can't contain what?

Back 7

they can't contain spaces, punctuation characters, and usually can't begin with a number

Front 8

To write a module you write its ________________.

Back 8

Definition

Front 9

In most languages, a module has two parts, the ____________ and a __________.

Back 9

A header and a body.

Front 10

The ___________ indicates the starting point of the module.

Back 10

The header

Front 11

The ________ is a list of statements that belong to the module.

Back 11

The body

Front 12

_______________ statements inside a module visually sets them apart. As a result, you can tell at a glance which statements are inside the module.

Back 12

Indenting

Front 13

A module definition specifies what a module does, but it does not cause the module to execute. To execute a module, we must ______ ___.

Back 13

We must call it.

Front 14

Many programming languages require that programs have a __________ ____________.

Back 14

Main Module

this is the program's starting point, and it generally calls other modules.

Front 15

In a flowchart, a module call is shown with a rectangle that has _______ ________ at each side.

Back 15

A rectangle with vertical bars on the side.

Front 16

When drawing a flowchart for a module, the starting terminal symbol usually shows the ________ of the module.

Back 16

name of the module.

Front 17

Programmers commonly use a technique known as _______-______ design to break down an algorithm into modules.

Back 17

top-down design.

Front 18

The top-down design process is sometimes called ___________ ___________________.

Back 18

Stepwise Refinement

Front 19

Flowcharts are good tools for graphically depicting the flow of the logic inside a module, but they do not give a visual representation of the relationships between modules. Programmers commonly use _____________ charts for this purpose.

Back 19

Hierarchy charts.

Front 20

A hierarchy chart is also called a _____________ chart.

Back 20

Structure chart.

Front 21

Describe the top-down design approach

Back 21

1. The overall task that the program is to perform is broken down into a series of subtasks

2. Each of the subtasks is examined to determine whether it can be further broken down into more subtasks. This step is repeated until no more subtasks can be identified.

3. Once all of the subtasks have been identified, they are written in code.

Front 22

When the end of the module is reached, the program __________ ________________.

Back 22

Stops executing

Front 23

In most programming languages, a variable that is declared inside a module is called a _________ variable.

Back 23

Local variable.

Front 24

A local variable belongs to the module in which it is ___________. And only statements inside that module can access the variable.

Back 24

Declared.

Front 25

What is meant by the term local (variable)?

Back 25

The term local is meant to indicate that the variable can be used only locally within the module in which it is declared.

Front 26

Programmers typically use the word _________ to describe the part of the program in which a variable may be accessed.

Back 26

Scope

A variable is visible only to statements inside the variable's scope.

Front 27

A local variable's scope usually begins at the _____________ __________________ and ends at the ________ of the module in which the variable is declared.

Back 27

begins at the variable's declaration and ends at the end of the module in which the variable is declared.

Front 28

In most programming languages, you cannot have two ____________ with the same name in the same _____________.

Back 28

In most programming languages, you cannot have two variables with the same name in the same scope.

Front 29

Why can't you have two variables with the same name in the same module?

Back 29

Because the compiler or interpreter would not know which variable to use when a statement tries to access all of them. All variables that exist within the same scope must have unique names.

Front 30

An _____________ is any piece of data that is passed into a module when the module is called.

Back 30

An argument.

the module can use its arguments in calculations or other operations.

Front 31

A ____________ is a variable that receives an argument that is passed into a module.

Back 31

A parameter.

Front 32

If you want a module to receive arguments when it is called, you must equip the module with one or more ____________ _____________.

Back 32

parameter variables.

Front 33

A parameter variable is often simply called a _____________.

Back 33

Parameter

Front 34

When you pass an argument to a module, most programming languages require that the argument and the receiving parameter variable be of the ______ __________ type.

Back 34

Same data type.

Front 35

Some languages allow you to pass an argument into a parameter variable of a different type as long as no _____ will be lost.

Back 35

data will be lost.

Front 36

What is a parameter variable's scope?

Back 36

usually the entire module in which the parameter is declared.